【作者】 胡研；

【导师】 唐莲英；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 新中国成立初期,中国不仅面临着国民经济恢复的历史重任,同时也面临着发展健全各种权利的现实任务。妇女权利的实现受到中国共产党的高度重视。针对广大中国妇女数千年来所处的受剥削、受压迫、与男子不平等的社会地位的状况,中国共产党制定了一系列的方针政策。对中国妇女获得在经济、政治、文化、婚姻等各方面的权利,起到了决定性的作用,从而使中国妇女的社会地位发生了历史性巨变。本文对建国初期中国共产党关于妇女的方针政策进行深入研究,对于今天妇女解放事业的发展具有十分深远的意义。本文共分为三个部分对此进行阐述。第一部分,主要是对中国共产党成立后,新中国成立前这段历史时期,党的妇女政策进行概述。阐述说明,在建国前中国共产党的妇女政策及其作用的探索为建国后奠定了坚实的基础。梳理出中国共产党妇女政策发展的脉络。第二部分,是本文的重点,论述了建国初期中国共产党为妇女制定政治、经济、文化、婚姻、身心健康五大方面的政策,并指出这些政策是如何提高妇女社会地位的。在政治方面,中国共产党从1949年到1956年颁布了一系列法律法规,制定了相关政策。积极鼓励广大妇女参政,保障妇女的选举权和被选举权以及培养和选拔妇女干部等等,充分调动了广大妇女的参政热情。期间涌现出了一大批优秀的妇女干部。在经济方面,分别针对农村和城市的妇女,制定了经济解放的政策。在农村,主要体现在土地政策中,对妇女也进行土地的分配,改变了过去妇女没有地的历史状况。在城市,鼓励妇女参与生产,使妇女在经济上获得了独立,从而促进了其他各项权利的实现。在文化教育方面,开展了扫盲运动,使妇女的文盲数量,大量减少。同时,不仅发展正规教育,而且积极发展职业培训教育。提高了妇女的文化素质。在婚姻方面,1950年,颁布的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》,是新中国的第一部法律。这部法律使妇女逐步从封建婚姻的桎梏中挣脱出来。在身心健康方面,分别从加强妇女的劳动保护、建立妇幼保健机构、保障孕期妇女健康、推广科学接生法等方面制定了行之有效的政策,保障了妇女的身心健康。另外,还进行了妓院的清除工作,扫除了这颗封建社会长期摧残妇女的毒瘤。论文充分肯定了建国初期,共产党妇女政策的成功实施,使妇女的社会地位有了很大程度的提高。第三部分,对全文进行了总结:新中国成立初期,中国共产党制定了一系列妇女政策法规。使妇女的社会地位有了很大的提高。在整个妇女解放事业中,起到了极其重大的作用。论文总结了建国初期中国共产党妇女政策的特点和经验,提出了实现男女平等是构建社会主义和谐社会的必要条件的主张。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the beginning of the People’s Republic of China ,it not only facing the historic task of economy ,but also facing the duty of each right realistic. Communist Party of China pay much attention to the rights of women. The Communist Party of China formulated specific policies. On Chinese women liberation battle path, stepped out crucial one step. To Chinese women in economy, politics, culture, marriage and so on various aspects right acquisition played the decisive role. It makes the Chinese women’s social position changed a lot. This article conducted the thorough research to Communist Party of China about woman’s general and specific policies at that time. It is good for the liberation of women this time. This article altogether divides into three parts to carry on the elaboration regarding this.The first part is described between the established of Communist Party of China and before the established of People’s Republic of China. In order to explain the woman policy builds the foundation after the founding of the nation. Reorganize the development of woman policy.The second part is this article’s key point, elaborated early years of the new nation Communist Party of China to woman’s politics, the economical, cultural, marital, the physical and moral integrity five big aspect policy and the function.In the political aspect, Communist Party of China has promulgated a series of legal laws and regulations from 1949 to 1954, has formulated the correlation policy, encourages the women in general to participate in government positively, safeguards woman’s voting right and the right to be elected, trains and selects woman cadre and so on. In the economical aspect, aims at the countryside and the city women separately, has formulated the economy policy. In the countryside, mainly manifests in the agrarian policy, also carries on the land to the woman the assignment, changed the woman historical condition. In the city, encourages the woman to participate in the production, caused the woman to obtain the independence in the economy, thus promoted other each right realization. In the culture and education aspect, has developed the anti-illiteracy, causes woman’s illiterate person quantity, massive reductions. At the same time, not only develops the regular education, moreover develops the occupation training education positively. Improved woman’s cultural. In the marital aspect, in 1950, the promulgation "Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China", was the People’s Republic of China’s first law. This law causes the woman to loose gradually from the marriage shackles. In the physical and moral integrity aspect, separately from strengthened woman’s labor protection, establishes the mother and child care organization, the safeguard gestation period woman health, the promoted science receives aspects and so on law to formulate the effective policy, has safeguarded woman’s physical and moral integrity. Moreover, carried on the work of clearing brothel, clear the malignant tumor of devastates the woman in feudal society.The paper had affirmed fully the early years of the new nation, woman policy success implementation, caused woman’s social position to have the earth-shaking change.The third part has carried on the summary to the full text: At the beginning of the People’s Republic of China established initial period, Communist Party of China has formulated a series of woman policy laws and regulations. In this way improved the women’s social position. In the entire woman liberation, played the extremely significant role. The paper summarized the early years of the woman policy characteristic and the experience lesson.更多还原