【作者】 童成前；

【导师】 何仁；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 车辆工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车的制动性能是汽车安全行驶的重要保障,ECE制动法规对汽车的制动性能有着明确的要求。双轴汽车的制动性能分析方法,已经成熟并被广泛采用；多轴汽车的制动系统结构与双轴汽车比较更为复杂,以致较难分析其制动性能。近年来,有一些相关的研究,但方法大都是基础性的且繁琐,很难在实际中应用。本文提出一套较完整的基于ECE制动法规的多轴汽车制动性能分析方法。研究成果有：(1)指出以往汽车制动性能评价指标的不足,给出了完整的多轴汽车制动性能评价指标体系。(2)通过分析ECE制动法规对多轴汽车剩余制动和应急制动性能的要求,分别提出了多轴汽车剩余制动和应急制动性能分析方法。(3)以三轴汽车为例,推导出多轴汽车的驻车极限坡度计算公式,并对其影响因素进行分析；在此基础上,提出了多轴汽车的驻车制动性能分析方法；另外,首次提出了极限坡度利用率的概念,作为对驻车制动性能分析指标的补充。(4)分析了ECE制动法规对多轴汽车制动力分配的要求,指出目前多轴汽车制动力分配方面的分析方法的不足,提出了基于ECE制动法规的“利用附着系数图示法”；提出了一种新的多轴汽车各轴地面法向反力的计算方法。分析了汽车列车的制动不协调的产生原因、带来的危害以及解决措施；在此基础上,提出了汽车列车制动协调性分析方法。(5)分析了目前几种常用的制动性能试验,整理出ECE制动法规对几种常用试验方法所对应的制动性能的要求,并给出每个试验的条件、试验方法。最后,按照本文提出的多轴汽车制动性能分析方法,对六辆试验样车的制动性能进行分析和评价,以阐述本文的方法的整个分析过程,同时验证了该方法的正确性和实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Braking performance of automobile is important for safe driving and is required specifically by ECE braking regulation. The braking performance analysis of two-axle automobile has been researched deeply. For braking system of multi-axle automobile is more complex than two-axle automobile, it is difficult to analyze the braking performance of multi-axle automobile. Some fundamental researches have been done for the braking performance of multi-axle automobile in recent years, but the conclusions are difficult to be applied in practice. A relatively complete set of analysis methods of braking performance of multi-axle automobile based on ECE braking regulation is proposed in this paper. Research results are as follows:(1) Defects of previous evaluation indicators of braking performance of automobile are pointed out, and a complete evaluation index system of braking performance of multi-axle automobile is proposed.(2) By analyzing the requirements of residual braking performance and emergency braking performance of multi-axle automobile according to ECE braking regulation, analysis methods of residual braking performance and emergency braking performance of multi-axle automobile are proposed respectively.(3) Three-axle automobile is referenced as an example. The formula of parking limit slope of three-axle automobile is derived, and the factors which influenced it are analyzed. On this basis, an analysis method of parking-braking performance of multi-axle automobile is proposed. Additionally, a concept named limit slope efficiency is proposed for the first time, supplementing the indicators of parking-braking performance.(4) Requirements of braking force distribution of multi-axle automobile according to ECE braking regulation are analyzed. Defects of analysis methods about braking performance of multi-axle automobile are pointed out. A method named adhesion utilization coefficient diagram is proposed. A new calculation method of normal reaction force of each axle of multi-axle automobile from ground is proposed. An analysis method of braking consistent of automobile train is proposed based on analysis of causes, harms, solutions of braking inconsistent of automobile train.(5) Requirements of several common tests by ECE braking regulation are sorted out, and test conditions and test methods of each test are given.Finally, according to the analysis method of braking performance of multi-axle automobile proposed in this paper, braking performances of six test automobiles are analyzed and evaluated, to illustrate the whole analysis process of the method, and to verify the correctness and practicability of the method simultaneously.更多还原