【作者】 房居庆；

【导师】 王志祥； 王潇；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 养殖， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以肉仔鸡为研究对象,在玉米—豆粕日粮降低不同能量水平的基础上添加木聚糖酶制剂,研究其对AA肉仔鸡的生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响。试验结果如下：试验一：选择288只一日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。本试验分为4个处理组,分别为：对照组,饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮；处理1：玉米—豆粕型日粮能量降低0.252 MJ/kg+木聚糖酶；处理2：玉米—豆粕型日粮能量降低0.42 MJ/kg+木聚糖酶；处理3：玉米—豆粕型日粮能量降低0.63MJ/kg+木聚糖酶,三个处理组中木聚糖酶添加量均为100g/t。本试验进行7周,研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响。试验结果：试验开始时各组鸡体重均无显著差异(P>0.05)。对于42大末体重和平均日增重,处理2组与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05),而其他两个试验组与对照组差异不显著,但均有提高的趋势,42天末重分别提高了6.18%和0.5%；均日增重分别提高了6.132%和0.51%。日均采食量方面,处理1组和处理组2极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),分别比对照组提高了1.74%和2.54%；而处理组3却极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。料重比方面各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。免疫器官指数方面：处理组1和2的胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高了7.58%和7.94%；对于脾脏指数和法氏囊指数,各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),除了处理组3比对照组略有下降外,处理组1和2均比对照组有提高的趋势,脾脏指数分别提高了13.42%和9.40%,法氏囊指数分别提高了7.27%和16.136%。试验结果表明：在肉仔鸡低能玉米—豆粕日粮中添加木聚糖酶,其生产性能能够达到甚至超过正常能量水平日粮的饲喂效果。同时,还能够提高免疫器官指数,说明提高了肉鸡的免疫力。试验二：第42天饲养试验结束时,每个重复选1只鸡,体重接近,进行为期一周的代谢试验。研究肉鸡低能玉米—豆粕日粮中添加酶制剂对其养分表观消化率的影响。试验结果：各种营养成分的表观消化率均有不同程度的变化。粗蛋白表观消化率,处理组2和对照组、处理组1均有显著差异(P<0.05),处理组1和3与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但有所提高；粗脂肪消化率,处理组2与其余组相比都显著提高(P<0.05),而处理组1和3与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)；粗灰分消化率,处理组2和3与对照组相比,都有显著提高(P<0.05),处理组1虽与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但消化率提高了7.15%；钙消化率,处理组1和2比对照组有极显著提高(P<0.01),处理组3比对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)；磷消化率,三个试验组均比对照组有极显著提高(P<0.01),但各个试验组之间没有显著差异。试验结果说明,低能日粮添加酶制剂可以有效的消除抗营养因子的干扰,改善日粮的营养价值,促进营养物质的消化和吸收,略好于正常日粮的饲养效果。试验三：代谢试验结束当天,每个组每个重复选取1只鸡,屠宰取样,测定肉仔鸡的胸肌率、腿肌率等指标,进一步研究低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响。试验结果：与对照组相比,各个试验组的屠宰率均有极显著提高(P<0.01)，且三个试验组之间,处理组2的屠宰率比处理组1有显著提高(P<0.05)；各组的半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和相对肝重均差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验组都有提高的趋势；全净膛率方面,处理组3与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),而处理组1和2与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但均有所提高；肝重方面,处理组2与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),处理组1和3与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)；腹脂率方面,各组差异不显著(P>0.05),但各试验组与对照组相比,均降低了腹脂率。试验结果表明,低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶制剂可以在一定程度上改善肉仔鸡的胴体品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 The broiler chickens is the research object in this study, add the xylanase in the different levels low ME Corn-soybean meal diet, study the effects of xylanase on the growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, carcass quality and immune organ index in broilers. The results are as follows:Test 1:Two hundred eighty-eight one-day-old Avain broilers were randomly divided into four groups of six repeats, each repeat had twelve chickens. One acted as control group and fed Corn-soybean basal diet, another three treated groups were separately fed-0.252MJ/kg,-0.42MJ/kg and-0.63MJ/kg low ME basal diet and all supplemented 100g/t xylanase. The test has 7 weeks and study the effect of xylanase in low ME diet on growth performance and immune organ index in broilers. The test results showed that there were on difference for hatch weight between control and three treatment groups (P>0.05); There were significant difference for finish weight and ADG between treatment 2 and control group (P<0.05), the treatment 1 and 3 had not significant difference with control group (P>0.05), but its had the rising trend. The finish weight were respectively increased by 6.18% and 0.50% with control, the average daily gain were respectively increased by 6.32% and 0.51% with control; There were extremely significantly difference for ADFI between control and three treatments (P<0.01), the ADFI of the treatment 1 and 2 were increased by 1.74% and 2.54%, but the ADFI of treatment 3 were decreased with control. There were no difference for F/W between control and the three treatments (P>0.05). To immune organ index:Thymus index of treatment 1 and 2 was significantly increased than control group (P<0.05), its were increased by 7.58% and 7.94% respectively; There were no difference for spleen index and bursa index between control and the three treatments (P>0.05), the spleen index and bursa index of treatment 3 were decreased a little with control,but its of treatment 1 and 2 had rising trend, the spleen index of treatment 1 and 2 were respectively increased by 3.42% and 9.40%, the bursa index of treatment 1 and 2 were respectively increased by 7.27% and 16.36%. In a word, add the xylanase in the different levels low ME Corn-soybean meal diet, the growth performance of the broilers in three treatments had the same even the better effect with the control group. The three treatments could increased the immune organ index, which explain increased the immunity of the broilers.Test 2:Twenty 6-week-old Avain broilers which had the similar weight were randomly divided into four groups, each group of six chickens and feed 1 week to study the effects of adding the xylanase in the different levels low ME Corn-soybean meal diet on the apparent digestibility of nutrients. The results were as follow:The apparent digestibility of each nutrient all had the changes in Varying degrees. The CP apparent digestibility of treatment 2 was significantly increased than control and treatment 1 (P<0.05), there were no significant difference between control and treatment 1 and 3 (P>0.05), but its all had the rising trend. The EE apparent digestibility of treatment 2 was significantly increased than the other groups (P<0.05), there were no significant difference between control and treatment 1 and 3 (P>0.05); The Ash apparent digestibility of treatment 2 and 3 was significantly increased than the control groups (P<0.05), there were no significant difference between control and treatment 1 (P>0.05), but the ash apparent digestibility of treatment 1 was increased by 7.15%; The Ca apparent digestibility of treatment 1 and 2 was extremely significantly increased than the control group (P<0.01), the Ca apparent digestibility of treatment 3 was significantly increased than the control group (P<0.05); The P apparent digestibility of the three treatments was extremely significantly increased than the control group (P<0.01), but there were no difference in the three treatments (P>0.05). The test results showed that adding the xylanase in the different levels low ME Corn-soybean meal diet could eliminates the disturbance effectively of the anti-trophic factors, improve the nutritional value of diets and promot nutrient digestion and absorption.Test 3:Twenty-four 7-week-old broilers were selected randomly and slaughtered to study the effects adding the xylanase in the different levels low ME Corn-soybean meal diet on carcass quality. The results as follow:The dressing percentage of the three treatments was extremely significantly increased than the control group (P<0.01), at the same time, the dressing percentage of treatment 2 was significantly increased than the treatment 3 (P<0.05); There were no difference for PHE, PBM, PTM and relative liver weight between control and the three treatments (P>0.05). The PE of the treatment 3 was extremely significantly increased than the control group (P<0.01), there were no difference for PE between control and the treatment 1 and 2 (P>0.05), but its had the rising trend. The liver weight of the treatment 2 was significantly increased than the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference for liver weight between control and the treatment 1 and 3 (P>0.05).At the same time, there were no significant difference for PAF between control and the three treatments (P>0.05), but the PAF of three treatments were decreased. The results showed that adding the xylanase in the different levels low ME Corn-soybean meal diet could improve the carcass quality of broilers.更多还原