【作者】 刘彬彬；

【导师】 吴志强；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 水生生物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 修河位于江西省西北山区,为江西省五大河流之一,发源于铜鼓县高桥乡叶家山,源头位置为东经114°14′,北纬28°31′。进入鄱阳湖的河口为永修县吴城镇望江亭,主河道长419km,流域面积14797km2,占全省总面积的8.9%。本文对修河的渔业状况、四大家鱼资源现状和修河四大家鱼产卵场现状进行分析,并且对四大家鱼遗传结构进行ISSR分子标记研究,目的在于揭示修河四大家鱼资源现状,同时为保护四大家鱼的资源提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下：1.2009年4～8月,对修河四大家鱼资源进行了采样研究。永修采样点共采集到四大家鱼178尾,其中青鱼57尾,占总数的32.02%；草鱼78尾,占43.82%；鲢17尾,占9.55%；鳙26尾,占14.61%。2.2008年6～8月在修河吴城采样点,用迷魂阵(网目为0.3×0.3cm)共采集到采得四大家鱼当龄鱼358尾。其中以青鱼为主,有248尾,占总数量69.2%；草鱼次之,有57尾,占15.9%；然后是鲢,有45尾,占12.5%；鳙最少,仅8尾,占2.2%。3.据历史资料和调查结果,与以往相比,修河四大家鱼总体资源量在下降；四大家鱼之间的数量和比例发生较大变化；低龄化,小型化现象比较严重。4.利用ISSR标记分析修河内四大家鱼群体遗传变异,用17个文献记载的引物对修河四大家鱼群体进行ISSR扩增,青鱼有6个引物可以扩增出多态性条带,共检测出58个位点,其中多态位点31个,多态位点比例为53.45%；草鱼有8个引物可以扩增出多态性条带,共检测出75个位点,其中多态位点32个,多态位点比例为42.64%；鲢有6个引物可以扩增多态性条带,共检测出49个位点,其中多态性位点有25个,多态位点比例为51.04%；鳙有5个引物可以扩增出多态性条带,共检测出37个位点,其中多态位点18个,多态位点比例为48.64%。PopGen32分析数据显示：修河青鱼遗传多样性(He=0.3561,Ho=0.5202)；草鱼遗传多样性(He=0.1213,Ho=0.1803)；鲢遗传多样性(He=0.1524,Ho=0.2275)；鳙遗传多样性(He=0.2091,Ho=0.2999)；分析结果表明,修河四大家鱼多样性都较高,有较大的遗传变异能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xiu River is located in Jiangxi Province, northwestern mountainous area of Jiangxi, one of five major rivers, originating from the Tonggu Country Gaoqiao township Yejiashan, located in east longitude 114°31′, north latitude 29°01′. Estuary for the town of Wucheng Yongxiu County, located in east longitude 116°01′, latitude 29°12′. The main river length 419km,drainage area is 14797km2, accounting for 8.9% of the total area of the Jiangxi province.This article base on river fisherises,four major Chinese carps and spawning grounds in Xiu River.and designed ISSR molecular markers to reveal the genetic structure of four major Chinese carps.For the propose of protection four major Chinese carps provide the scientific basis.The major findings are as follows:From April to August in 2009, we collected the number of four major Chinese carps in Yongxiu is 178, which included 57 black carps, accounting for the pecent of the total number is 32.02%; grass carp 78, accounting for the pecent of the total number is 43.82%; silver carp 17, accounting for the pecent of the total number is 9.55%; bighead carp 26, accounting for the pecent of the total number is 14.61%. four major Chinese carps accounted for about 1.68% of the total catch.From June to August in 2008,we collected the four major Chinese carps juveniles with the scam (mesh of 0.3×0.3cm) in Wucheng is 358. Among them, the number of black carp is 248, accounting for 69.2% of the total amount; grass carp followed, there are 57, accounting for 15.9%; followed by silver carp, there are 45, accounting for 12.5%; bighead carp at least, only 8, accounting for 2.2%.Compared with the past, the resource of the four major Chinese carps in Xiu River is decline; four major Chinese carps between the number of significant were changed; a younger age, small-scale phenomenon is relatively serious.The colonial genetic variations in four major Chinese carps were analyzed with ISSR, with 17 documented primer pairs Xiu River four ISSR amplification of four major Chinese carps, balck carp have six primers amplified polymorphic bands were detected 58 sites,of which 31 polymorphic loci, the proportion of polymorphic loci for 53.45%; grass carp has eight primers amplified polymorphic bands were detected in 75 sites, of which polymorphic loci 32, the proportion of polymorphic loci for 42.64%; silver carp had six primers amplified polymorphic bands were detected in 49 sites, of which there are 25 polymorphic loci, the proportion of polymorphic loci 51.04%; bighead carp 5 primers can be amplified polymorphic bands were detected out of 37 sites, of which 18 polymorphic loci, polymorphic loci compared to 48.64%. The results analyzed by software PopGen32 indicated that:the colonial genetic diversity in black carp in Xiu River (He=0.3561, Ho=0.5202); the colonial genetic diversity in grass carp (He=0.3561, Ho=0.5202); the colonial genetic diversity in silver carp (He=0.1524, Ho=0.2275); the colonial genetic diversity in bighead carp (He=0.2091, Ho=0.2999); diversity levels are high, there is greater genetic variability.更多还原