节点文献
无线传感器网络LEACH协议算法改进与仿真研究
【作者】 孔亮；
【导师】 徐玉斌；
【作者基本信息】 太原科技大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 路由技术对无线传感器网络的生命周期有着至关重要的影响。能量有限性是无线传感器网络的最重要的特性,在网络路由算法中也是优先考虑的一个主要因素。分簇路由具有拓扑管理方便、能量利用高效、数据融合简单等优点,已成为当前路由技术一个十分重要的研究方向。本文首先分析了无线传感器网络分簇路由机制,着重从簇头的产生、簇的形成和簇的路由角度系统地描述了当前典型的分簇路由算法,并对这些算法的特点和适用情况进行了比较和研究。其次,对无线传感器网络的经典分簇路由协议LEACH协议进行了研究和仿真,由于簇头选取的随机性,不可避免的使得该协议存在簇首选举不合理性及节点能耗不均衡的缺点。第三,针对传统LEACH算法的不足,提出了一种新的基于能量与簇头均衡分布的LEACH优化算法,本算法主要针对阈值公式的不合理性进行的改进,加入了乘性因子以平衡节点之间的能量。仿真结果表明,改进后的协议能均衡节点能耗,提高了负载均衡度,并延长了无线传感器网络的生存时间。最后,介绍了基于PSO优化的LEACH协议改进算法,并将本文提出的算法与之进行了仿真对比结果研究。结果表明,基于簇首能量均衡分布的LEACH算法在节点分布、生命周期、负载均衡度,平均能耗等性能上略优于基于PSO的优化分簇算法。
【Abstract】 Routing technology is vital to the lifecycle of wireless sensor network . One important feature of wireless sensor networks is that the energy is limited. This feature is considered to be the main element in routing algorithm of WSN. As an active branch of routing technology, cluster-based routing protocols have many advantages, such as network topology management, energy minimization, data aggregation and so on,which has become a very important routing technology research.In this thesis, the author analyzed cluster-based routing mechanisms for wireless sensor networks at first. Then the author emphasized cluster head selection, cluster formation and data transmission in cluster-based routing protocols. From these techniques perspective systemically recent representative cluster-based routing protocols are presented, and compared with their characteristics and application areas.Second, the cluster head is selected randomly, there are inevitably some shortcomings such as unreasonable cluster head and uneven energy consumption of sensor nodes. Third,This paper analyzes the shortage of the traditional algorithm-LEACH. this paper proposed a new protocol --- an improved LEACH algorithm based on energy and average distribution. This algorithm is mainly the threshold formulas for the irrationality of the improvements,and Joined the multiplicative factor in order to balance the energy between nodes.The results of simulation show that the improved routing protocol can balance energy consumption of nodes and prolong the lifetime of the whole networks.Final, the author Introduced Algorithm of LEACH protocol based on PSO Optimization, and proposed algorithm compared with results of a simulation. The results show that the energy balance is a cluster head node LEACH algorithm distribution, life cycle, load balancing, better than the average energy consumption with minor performance optimization based on PSO clustering algorithm.