【作者】 许静；

【导师】 王玉玺；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 水土保持效益评价的目的是为了定性(定量)标识水土保持措施的影响方式、范围和程度。本研究应用系统分析与评价的理论和方法,从水土保持综合治理措施对小流域尺度的生态系统、经济系统和社会系统结构和功能的改变角度出发,遵循效益评价的原则,提出小流域综合治理效益评价指标体系。该指标体系是在充分吸收总结水土保持效益评价理论和方法的基础上提出的,适应黑土区的实际情况。该指标体系以水土保持综合治理效益为目标层,以经济效益、生态效益、社会效益为准则层,共有11个指标。采用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标对准则层权重及组合权重,并经过一致性检验,利用线性加权模型进行小流域综合治理总体效益的评价。此指标体系可为进一步的治理提供科学的决策支持和依据。在此基础上,针对水土保持效益评价的需求,以空间数据库和属性数据库为系统数据库,利用组件式地理信息系统软件MapObjects为开发平台,Visual Basic为开发语言,编程实现了黑土区小流域综合治理效益评价信息系统。该系统具有数据管理、报表输出、效益计算及帮助模块。系统可实现基本视图功能以及图层的添加、删除空间数据的查询、存储、管理和属性数据的查询、修改、输出等。系统通过调用小流域效益评价模型及Execl,对系统数据库进行统计分析,得出效益评价结果,形式有专题图、表单和文档的形式反映。并以黑龙江省拜泉县振祥小流域为例,对其综合治理后产生的效益进行的初步评价。利用GIS对小流域数据进行整编,归类,纳入评价系统,通过用户对11个指标值的录入,系统即可自动对该小流域综合治理效益进行评价,得出评价结果。此信息系统实现了水土保持效益评价在黑土区小流域的应用,及小流域水土保持数据信息化管理,提高水土保持效益评价信息化水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of evaluating soil and water conservation is to identify the influential factors, range and degree of the comprehensive management. Adopting the systematic analysis and evaluation as the theory and method, from the point of change to ecosystem, economical system and social system of small watershed from comprehensive management measures, this research proposed an index system of small watershed comprehensive management effectiveness evaluation keeping to the effectiveness evaluating principles. In addition, this index system was proposed based on some effectiveness evaluating theories and methods of soil and water conservation, which was suitable for the actual situation of the black soil region. This index system, including 11 indexes, is established to achieve the goal of conservating soil and water and to follow the rules of realizing economic, ecology and social effectiveness. AHP method to conduct weights of rules and combination was adopted, through consistency check, small watershed management total effectiveness was evaluated using linear weighting models.On the basis of the above illustrations, this research takes advantage of space database and property database as the systematic database to program a effectiveness evaluating information system of the small watershed in black earth areas, against the needs of soil and water conservation effectiveness evaluation. This system adopts MapObjects as its developing stage and uses Visaual Basic as its developing language,. This system includes modules for data management, report form output, effectiveness caculation and help. Besides, this system can realize many basic functions of view and some extra functions such as adding or deleting layer, strorage and management of space data, as well as inquiry, modifing and output of property data. By calling and using small watershed’s effectiveness evaluating model and Excel, this system conducted a statistical analysis on systematic database, thus effectiveness evaluating results was acquired, including thematic maps,forms and documents. Taking Zhenxiang small watershed as an example, which was located in Baiquan country in Heilongjiang province, preliminary evaluation in its effectiveness after comprehensive management was conducted. Small watersheds data was integrated and classified by GIS, and was bright into evaluation system. After inputing 11 indexes value, the system can evaluate comprehensive management effectiveness in small watershed automatically, and then the results were obtained. This information system realized the application of effectiveness evaluating and informational management of the soil and water conservation to the small watershed in black soil region, moreover, informational level of evaluating soil and water conservation was improved.更多还原