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“口\嘴”的认知隐喻意义研究
A Study of Cognitive Metaphorical Meanings of "Mouth"
【作者】 许英英；
【导师】 李瑛；
【作者基本信息】 西华大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 隐喻是一种重要的认知模式,是词汇产生新意义的重要手段。隐喻是普遍存在的,是人们赖以生存的基础。认知隐喻不仅仅是语言的形式,更重要的是人类普遍的认知方式,是人们以一熟悉的事物认识、理解、思考、表达另一不熟悉或抽象事物的过程,是概念性的。认知隐喻理论已被运用到各个方面的研究,比如在语义学、语用学和篇章分析中等都有体现。在语义学方面研究的成果尤其突出,其中,对词汇意义方面的研究更为广泛。这些研究在不同程度和不同的角度揭示了认知隐喻思维模式对词义延伸的作用,但目前对“口/嘴”一词的系统性研究还很少涉及。为了更好地补充对词汇的隐喻研究,本文拟运用原型理论、意象图式理论及认知隐喻理论等相关理论,对“口/嘴”的认知隐喻意义进行研究,以进一步阐释认知隐喻思维模式在词汇意义延伸中的作用。本文主要采用汉语大辞典(电子版4.00)中的新华字典和成语词典,北京大学汉语言学研究中心的现代汉语语料库以及英语国家语料库中收录的8788条关于“口/嘴”的词汇表达,较全面、深入地分析“口/嘴”一词的认知隐喻意义。本文研究再次充分证明了隐喻存在的普遍性、系统性,以及人类的认知隐喻思维在某些方面存在一定的相似性;“口/嘴”词语所建构的隐喻意义大多来自实体和空间的认知取象。同时,本研究成果也丰富了概念隐喻意义的研究。
【Abstract】 Metaphor is an important cognitive model and it is also an important means to produce new meanings of words. Metaphor, by which people live, is pervasive in the world. Cognitive metaphor is not only a language form but also a cognitive means of the people. It is a conceptual process that human uses one familiar thing to recognize, understand and express another unfamiliar or abstract thing. Cognitive metaphor theory has been utilized in many aspects of studies, such as in semantics, pragmatics and text analysis. The achievements of study in semantics are especially prominent. These researches have revealed the function of cognitive metaphorical thinking model to the word meaning in the varying degrees and the different angles. However, at present, a systematical research of cognitive semantics on“mouth”is less touched. This paper analyzes the cognitive metaphorical meanings of“mouth”by applying the prototype theory, image schema theory and cognitive metaphor theory so as to further explain the function of the cognitive metaphorical thinking model in the metaphorical meaning extensions of“mouth”. The cognitive metaphorical meanings of“mouth”have been analyzed based on the corpora taken from The Dictionary of Xinhua and The Dictionary of Chinese Idioms in Chinese Dictionary (electronic version 4.00) and Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU Corpus (CCL) and The British National Corpus (BNC), including 8788 items on“mouth”. The study proves that metaphor is pervasive and systematic once again. Human metaphorical thought has similarity in some aspects. Metaphorical meanings constructed by“mouth”mostly derive from the motivation of entity and space in the world. Meanwhile, the results of this study enrich the study of conceptual metaphor.