【作者】 李桂琴；

【导师】 邓可卉；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 科学技术史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 《化学入门》是我国近代第一部较系统介绍西方化学的中文译著,在我国近代化学史上占有重要的地位。该书是由西方传教士丁韪良(William Alexander Parson Martin,1827—1916)编译的理科系列教材《格物入门》中的第六卷,于1868年由同文馆首次出版发行。从结构、内容来看,《化学入门》为西方近代化学知识在晚清中国的传播、应用与普及奠定了基础。基于前人已有研究和相关文献,本文以《化学入门》作为主题,对有关问题进行了探讨分析,工作要点如下:1.对《化学入门》之前西方化学传入情况作综述,重点介绍了晚清传入的大量化学书籍及《化学入门》传入的背景。2.从化学基本理论、元素及化合物知识、有机化学知识等方面对《化学入门》的内容进行了分析,指出《化学入门》具有内容灵活、图文并茂、理论联系实践、结构体系较完整等显著特点。通过《化学入门》的明亲版与增订版之间比较,归纳了两者之间的异同。3.对《化学入门》与同时期几部化学译著的名词术语、实验内容进行了对比分析,指出《化学入门》一书在化学名词术语的确立过程中发挥了重要作用,该书陈述的部分实验内容在现代化学教科书中仍有沿用。4.初步分析了《化学入门》对中国化学教育和化学知识普及的影响。《化学入门》在晚清中国传播30年,丁韪良编著的教材及其重要内容在同文馆和大学堂的教学中一直在使用,还远播日本。《化学入门》紧密联系中国传统,立足解释医学、农业、日常生活,其内容丰富,实用性强,有益于在公众中普及化学知识。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huaxue Rumen (A Rudiment of Chemistry) is the first Chinese treatise which mainly introduces the western chemistry to China. It holds the important status in the modern Chinese chemistry history. It was the sixth volume of a series teaching books titled A Rudiment of Science which was compiled and translated by American missionary William Alexander Parson Martin (1827—1916)and first published by Tongwen Guan in 1868. From the view of its structure and content, Huaxue Rumen laid the foundation in China for the dissemination, application and popularization of the western modern chemistry knowledge. This thesis will discuss the related issues under the theme of Basic Chemistry, mainly based on the previous studies and related literature. Main points are as follows:1. The situation for introducing the western chemistry into China before Huaxue Rumen is surveyed. The chemical books which was introduced at the time of late Qing Dynasty and the background of introducing the Huaxue Rumen are traced emphatically.2. The writer analyses its content of the book, Huaxue Rumen, from the view of basic chemistry theory, elements and the knowledge of compound and organic chemistry. The book has the following outstanding features: content is flexible; the picture and its accompanying essay are both excellent; theory goes with practice; and the structure system is integrity. The writer tells the same and difference between the two editions, the Mingqing Edition and the revised and enlarged edition.3. The writer gives a comparative analysis on vocabulary terms of the translated chemistry works and the test contents which are at the same periods with Huaxue Rumen. The writer points out that the Book played an important role in the process of the vocabulary term’s establishment. Now we are still using parts of the test contents stated in the book.4. The writer gives a preliminary analysis on the impact which Huaxue Rumen has on the Chinese chemistry education and the spread of the chemistry knowledge in China. The book had spread widely for 30 years in late Qing Dynasty. The book by Martin and its contents had been using by teachers in Tongwen Guan and The Great Teaching Hall, and it even reached the far Japan. The book is close to Chinese tradition, based on interpretation of medicine, agriculture and our daily lives. It has a rich contents and practical usage, so it must be useful for chemistry knowledge popularity in public.更多还原