【作者】 肖廷；

【导师】 陈鼎；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验室研究团队采用机械力场和超声波场耦合,首次提出了超声波固液反应球磨工艺,即在超声波场的作用下,对水溶液中的金属粉末进行搅拌球磨,金属粉末与水在超声波和球磨机械力的共同作用下生成纳米氧化物粉体。研究人员自行设计了超声波固液反应球磨机。论文给出了该设备的结构示意图并对各部分组成以及设计思想与工作原理做了简单介绍。通过超声波固液反应球磨机,探索性地研究了多种金属粉末、非金属粉末以及氧化物粉末的超声波固液反应球磨和固液反应球磨。采用XRD、激光粒度分析仪、SEM、TEM等检测手段对反应产物进行相成分分析、粉末粒度分析以及形貌观察。探索了超声波对固液球磨粉末粒度影响的规律以及超声波固液反应球磨生成相的演变规律。实验得到以下结果：(1)利用超声波固液反应球磨机进行了多种粉末的球磨实验,从多种粉末球磨产物的粒径分布图对比分析可知,超声波对能够产生固液反应的粉末的粒度细化作用比较明显,而对不能够产生固液反应的粉末的粒度细化作用比较弱。(2)相对于无超声波作用下的球磨,超声波固液反应球磨可以大幅度缩短由金属生成纳米氧化物的时间,如Cu粉末在超声波固液反应球磨时生成纳米CuO的时间是固液反应球磨生成纳米CuO所需球磨时间的27%。(3)超声波固液反应球磨可以使得分解反应得以发生,如CuCO3Cu(OH)2粉末在超声波固液球磨时分解为纳米CuO粉末,而在固液反应球磨和高能球磨时均不能使其发生分解。(4)相对于固液反应球磨,超声波固液反应球磨可以改变反应路径,如Zn在超声波固液反应球磨时生成的最终产物是纯的纳米ZnO,而在固液反应球磨时生成的最终产物是ZnO和Zn(OH)2的混合物。这种超声波固液反应球磨工艺制备单相纳米氧化物的方法属国内外首例,是一种新的纳米氧化物制备工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 Combined mechanochemistry with sonochemistry, the auther’s group has developed an ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling technology, which is that metal powders are ball milled under ultrasonic processing in the distilled water solution and then nano-oxides are attained through metal powders reacting with water. The group designs an ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling equipment, and the sketch map of it is drawn in the paper. The paper simply introduces the parts of the ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling equipment, its designed motive and its wok processing. Via the ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling equipment, a lot of original powders are milled with ultrasonic waves and without ultrasonic waves in the distilled water solution. X-ray diffraction, Laser Particle Size Analyzer, SEM and TEM are employed to analyze the composition, the gain size and micro structure of the products, respectively. The rule of the gain size of ball milling products under ultrasonic processing is investigated. The further research has been done on the rules of the reactive processing and the composition of ball milling of the metal powders and water solution under ultrasonic processing. The experimental results are as follows:(1) Compared ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling a lot of original powders with solid-liquid reactive ball milling them in the distilled water solution, the ultrasonic waves can obviously minish the particle size of the products if the powders and water solution can reactive after ball milling under ultrasonic processing, but the effect on grain refinement of the ultrasonic waves may weaken if the powders and water solution can not reactive after ball milling under ultrasonic processing.(2) Compared to ball milling without ultrasonic waves in the pure distilled water solution, ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling can reduce the time to attain nano-oxides. For example, the time to attain CuO from ball milling Cu powders with ultrasonic waves in the distilled water solution is 27% of that without ultrasonic waves.(3) By the ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling, CuCO3Cu(OH)2 powders can be decomposed to CuO, while CuCO3Cu(OH)2 powders can not react via ball milling without ultrasonic waves in the distilled water solution and ball milling in the Planetary Ball Mill.(4) Compared to ball milling without ultrasonic waves in the pure distilled water solution, ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling can change the reactive pathway of ball milling. For example, the pure ZnO can be attained by ball milling Zn powders with ultrasonic waves in the distilled water solution, while only the mixture of ZnO and Zn(OH)2 can be attained by ball milling Zn powders without ultrasonic waves in the distilled water solution. The single-phase nano-oxides can be attained via ultrasonic solid-liquid reactive ball milling, providing a new preparation method in domestic and abrosd.更多还原