【作者】 杨天；

【导师】 马建；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 车辆工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 电动汽车利用车载电源驱动车辆,具有高效、节能、低噪声、零排放等显著优点,在节能和环保方面有不可比拟的优势。但是目前蓄电池技术尚未取得实质性突破,比功率低、大电流充放电困难以及循环寿命有限等缺陷使得车辆的动力性能和续驶里程都受到严重影响,制约了电动汽车的发展。超级电容作为一种新型电源,具有比功率大、充放电迅速、寿命长等优点,与蓄电池结合起来组成复合电源,能够解决单一蓄电池大电流充不进、放不出的问题,在满足车辆动力需求的同时,最大限度吸收制动能量,从而达到延长蓄电池寿命,提高车辆的动力性和燃油经济性的目的。本文以电动汽车复合电源为研究对象,首先对蓄电池、超级电容以及DC/DC变换器的工作特性进行分析研究。在充分掌握复合电源各元件特性的基础上,采用合适的建模方法分别建立蓄电池、超级电容和DC/DC仿真模型,并将它们封装应用在复合电源模型之中。接下来,根据复合电源的控制目标,本文对复合电源控制策略进行了深入研究,分别采用基于规则的门限控制和模糊控制两种方法设计了复合电源控制策略。在完成仿真参数设计的基础上,应用ADVISOR仿真平台对复合电源控制策略在不同的行驶工况下进行了仿真分析。结果表明,超级电容充分发挥了为蓄电池“削峰减谷”的作用,避免蓄电池大电流充放电,在保护蓄电池的同时有效的回收了制动能量,使复合电源在充放电性能、整车动力性以及燃油经济性方面均比单一电源有大幅提升,验证了控制策略的有效性和正确性。最后,本文对两种控制策略的控制效果进行了对比,指出与逻辑门限控制相比,模糊控制鲁棒性和实时性更优,因而更好的提升了汽车的燃油经济性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advantage of high efficiency, low noise and zero emission, electric vehicles (EV) are the leading solution in automobile industry under the pressure of environment pollution and growing oil shortage nowadays. But due to the limit of battery technology, dynamic performance and driving range of EV are badly effected, which hinder the development of EV. Well, as a newly developed energy source, Ultra-capacitor has the advantage of high power density, rapid charge & discharge performance and long life time, and are very suitable for high power need such as acceleration, brake and climbing of the vehicle. Combined Energy Storage System composed of batteries and ultra-capacitors combines their advantage and can not only meet the vehicle dynamic demand, but also improve regenerative braking energy recycling performance.This paper researched the Combined Energy Storage System of EV and firstly analyzed the performance characteristics of battery, ultra-capacitor and DC/DC converter. On the basis of that, the models of components of the system were respectively established using appropriate methods of modeling and the models were packed as separate modules with the idea of using module in order to apply to the models of the system. According to the control objectives of Combined Energy Storage System, two methods of control strategies, logical method and fuzzy method are respectively designed. After designing the parameters of Combined Energy Storage System and cycles of road, ADVISOR are used as a simulation platform in order to study the performance of Combined Energy Storage System. The results showed that ultra-capacitor had a prominent effect of "clipped peak and filled channel" for the battery, and avoided sharp current charge and discharge of battery, which protected battery and extended its life. What’s more, from the result of simulation, ultra-capacitor can provide energy when electric vehicle is accelerating and recover energy when electric vehicle is braking. So it can effectively extend the vehicle continued driving mileages and electric vehicle using Combined Energy Storage System had better performance in both dynamic and economy compared with single-battery. At last, simulation performance of logic control strategy and fuzzy control strategy were compared, the simulation result showed that fuzzy control strategy had better robustness and real-time ability, and fuel economy was even better.更多还原