【作者】 翟晶晶；

【导师】 赵斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在精密测量领域如何平衡测量精度与测量速度之间的矛盾是一个十分重要的问题。在追求很高测量精度的时候测量速度就会受到影响。本文的主要目标即是如何在保证测量精度的同时尽可能的提高测量速度。整个系统的设计原理是:基于激光三角测量法,以CCD器件为传感器设计一个带电子快门的,可实现自动增益控制的高速非接触实时测量系统。本文选用的CCD型号为TCD1304,其最大的特性就是具有电子快门,这一特性很大程度的提高了测量速度,而同时并不需要提高驱动脉冲的频率,避免了高频带来的噪声、干扰等一系列问题。因此TCD1304的驱动信号的产生电路与其它型号的产生原理有很大的不同,是本文的设计重点。本文以单稳触发器为核心设计了一个脉冲发生器,生成两个帧转移脉冲SH信号,以实现电子快门的功能。自动增益控制的实现以AD转换器ADC0832和数字式电位器X9C103为核心,采集CCD输出信号的峰值信息进行模数转换,将转换后的数字信息送入单片机,单片机进行判断后发出控制命令调节电子开关,使CCD的输出信号始终保持在阈值范围之内。通过理论分析、电路板设计、实验调试证明了整个测量系统的可行性,达到了设计之初的各项功能及数据指标。相对于其它的测量方法具有测量精度高、速度快、可以进行非接触测量,以及实时在线检测等优点。在物体移动速度、厚度、位移等测量领域有很好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is very important to balance the contradiction between measurement accuracy and the speed of measurement in the field of precision measurement. The measuring speed will be affected when the accuracy of measurement is high. So the main objective of this thesis is to ensure the accuracy of measurement and to improve the measuring speed as much as possible at the same time. The whole system is to design a high-speed non-contact real-time measurement system with electronic shutter and automatic gain control based on triangulation method and CCD sensor.In this thesis, TCD1304 is chosen as the CCD sensor. The largest characteristic of TCD1304 is the electronic shutter which can improve the speed of measurement to a large extent, while there is no need to increase the frequency of driving pulse avoiding a series of problems brought by high-frequency. The TCD1304 circuit of drive signal is very different from other CCD sensors. In this thesis, a pulse generator with monostable flip-flop as the core which generates the two-frame transfer pulse SH signals is designed in order to achieve the electronic shutter function. The circuit module of AGC (Automatic Gain Control), with the AD converter of ADC0832 and digital potentiometer of X9C103 as the core, collects the peak of the output of CCD and convert the analog signal into digital signal. The output of ADC0832 will be input into the single-chip of AT89C2051, which is contrasted with the threshold value, and then the microntroller issued an order regulating the electronic control switch. The optical-integral-time of CCD will be changed, at the same time the output signal of CCD be changed too. So with the control of single-chip the output single must be limited in a scope.Theoretical analysis, circuit board design and debug experiment verify the feasibility of the whole measurement. All of the functions and the data index are realized. Compared to other measurement methods, this system has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, high speed, non-contact measurement, as well as real-time online detection. It has a good application prospects in the measurement field of displacement, speed, thickness and so on.更多还原