【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 莫锦秋；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对目前公交智能投币机和地铁自动售票机等一次只能处理一个硬币的现状,设计了一种无动力分离多硬币的投币装置,无需借助任何外力驱动,利用硬币自身重力和投币装置的结构特点实现多个硬币的分离和有间隙的队列,进而实现一次性对多个硬币的处理。在此投币装置的基础上,对币道曲线和相关参数进行了优化,使分离后的硬币能快而匀速且无晃动地通过检测区域,提高检测效率和精度。本文主要工作包括:1、对无动力分离多硬币投币装置进行结构设计。将投币装置对硬币的分离作用分解为硬币采集、硬币打散和硬币队列,对相应功能的分离装置进行比较分析,再将合理方案进行综合。2、在投币装置的基础上,对检测区域前的币道曲线进行优化设计。建立硬币从下落到在币道上滚动的数学模型并进行动力学分析,以币道曲线通过的型值点坐标为变量,以硬币从投币口下落到通过检测区域时能量损失最小为优化目标,以币道曲线导函数递增为约束条件,用遗传算法对型值点进行优化,得到优化后的B样条币道曲线,实现硬币快速通过检测区域。3、对使硬币运动反向的币道曲线进行方案设计。针对队列装置中运动路径对硬币的反向作用,用刚体碰撞动力学方程分析比较了圆弧和样条型币道曲线对硬币反向运动后能量损耗的影响,确定了使能量损耗最少的圆弧币道方案,在该方案的基础上对硬币运动作了动力学分析。4.列出硬币贴着侧板在币道上滚动的平面运动微分方程,建立硬币通过检测区域时保持匀速运动的约束方程,由约束方程进行了币道相关参数的选取,在ADAMS中的仿真结果表明参数选取较合理。5.在币道表面与侧板的夹角成直角和锐角的情况下,列出不同姿态的硬币与币道碰撞后在币道上的晃动微分方程组并进行分析比较,得出在成适当锐角的情况下币道和侧板对减少硬币晃动具有良好效果的结论,并在ADAMS仿真中得以验证,保证了硬币以贴着侧板的姿态运动到检测区域。经过本文设计和优化后的投币装置能够实现多枚硬币的无动力分离,硬币能快而匀速且无晃动地通过检测区域,提高了投币装置的检测效率和精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the phenomenon of public transport smart slot machines and subway ticket vending machines can only deal with one coin each time, a kind of non-dynamic separation of multi-coins slot device is designed, without using any external drive, it can realize the separation and gap queue of the multi-coins by the coin self-gravity and the structural characteristics of the device, so as to realize a one-time handling of multiple coins. Coin chute curves and related parameters are optimized based on the device, so that the separated coins can pass through the testing area quickly, uniform speedy and without sloshing, it also improves the detection efficiency and accuracy. The following are the main work of the research:1. Design the structure of non-dynamic separation of multi-coins slot device. Decompose the separation function of the device into coins collecting, coins scattering and coins queue; compare and analyse the corresponding separation device, then integrate the reasonable program.2. Optimize the coin chute curve before the testing area based on the slot device. Establish the mathematical model about the coin from dropping to rolling on the coin chute and make dynamic analysis. Set the energy loss as the optimize target, use GA to search the optimized data points, then find the optimized B-spline curve which is interpolating through these data points, so it can make the coin passing through the testing area rapidly.3. Design the coin chute curve which can reverse the movement of coin. Analyse and compare the energy loss when coin pass through the arc and the spline-based coin chute curve, adopt the arc chute which can minimize the energy loss, the kinetic analysis of coin is also made based on the program.4. List the planar motion equations of the coin rolling on the chute as well as close to the incline board, establish the constraint equation of uniform motion, then select the relevant parameters of coin chute, the simulation results in the ADAMS indicate that the selection is more reasonable.5. List the rocking system of differential equations of coin rolling on the coin chute after collision under the condition of different angles between coin chute and incline board, draw a conclusion that appropriate acute angle can play a good role to reduce the rocking.Through the design and optimization, the efficiency and accuracy can be improved of the very slot device.更多还原