话语如何建构“敌人”和“威胁”

【作者】 夏自钊；

【导师】 刘永涛；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 国际关系， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】以美国总统对外政策演说为例

【摘要】 话语简单来说就是语言的使用,话语分析即分析讲话者讲什么、怎样讲、为什么这样讲以及讲话带来的后果的研究。在国际关系中,话语有着极其重要的作用,行为体间的交往互动和意图的传达都靠话语才得以完成。话语的建构作用尤其应当引起国际关系研究者的重视,因为在国际关系中,“威胁”和“敌人”在多数情况下并不是客观存在的,而是经由话语才得以建构起来的,这种建构基于决策者或某个特定群体的认知和需要,有什么样的认知和需要就会有什么样的“威胁”和“敌人”及其相应的话语。本论文中笔者试图将语言哲学和后现代主义哲学中的一些基本观点和分析方法引入国际关系研究,具体分析美国总统的几次对外政策话语是如何建构以及为何建构种种“威胁”和“敌人”,分析对象是分别是威尔逊的“十四点计划”演说、杜鲁门的“关于希腊和土耳其问题的演说”(即杜鲁门主义)、小布什的反恐演说。更多还原

【Abstract】 Simply speaking, discourse is language in use, and discourse analysis is the research of what is said, how to say, why say so and the consequnences of a particular discourse being framed. Discourse is of great importance in international relations because the interaction of actors is completed through discourse as well as the expression of intention of the actors. The constructional function of discourse should be laid great emphasis by researchers of international relations. The so-called threat and enemy are always not objective for they are constructed through political discourses, and what is being constructed and how to construct depend on the needs and cognition of policymakers. Therefore, where there is need and cognition of threat and enemy, there is a framed discourse and constructed enemy. In this thesis, theories and methodologies of linguistic philosophy and postmodern philosophy related to discourse analysis are applied into the research of international relations. The foreign policy discourse of U.S. president and its construction of threat are being studied in the thesis, and three speeches are chose as cases(Woodrow Wlison’s Fourteen Points, Harry Truman’s Speech on Issues of Greece and Turkey, and George W. Bush’s speech of Freedom at War with Fear).更多还原