【作者】 李全平；

【导师】 行龙；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 社会学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】以集体化时代米山乡为例

【摘要】 医疗卫生社会学是社会学的一个新型分支学科,国内外已有不少成果。本研究主要关注的是我国集体化时代的农村医疗卫生。目前社会学对这一时期的医疗卫生给予的关注不多,相关研究成果主要集中于历史学特别是党史和国史的研究领域里,基本上是从文献到文献的研究路径,局限性十分明显。事实上,集体化时代是中国社会发展史上一段个性突出、特色鲜明的时期,其影响力时至今日依然挥之不去。在这一时期,中国共产党依托强大的国家力量和丰富多样的动员策略,在极短的时间内从医疗卫生的方方面面实施了一系列史无前例的变革,进行了一项空前浩大的社会改造工程,不仅迅速建立了县、乡、村三级卫生保健网、开展了轰轰烈烈的合作医疗,同时有力地发动了遍布城乡的爱国卫生运动,其中充斥着政治意味的“除四害”运动、遍布农村田间地头的赤脚医生等等,构成了这一时期丰富独特的社会图景。那么,社会学应该对这一社会历史现象作出自己的阐释和理解。本文从历史社会学的视角切入,选取山西省高平县米山乡在集体化时代的医疗卫生实践作为个案研究对象,以社会运动为理论基础,通过“自下而上”微观地考察米山地区解放前的传统医疗卫生、走向社会运动的医疗卫生、以及米山医疗卫生成为全国典型模范的整个过程,深入探讨了医疗卫生与乡村社会的密切关联。本文认为医疗卫生是社会变化的一面透镜,通过医疗卫生可以深化对社会变化特点的认识。传统民众的医疗卫生实践与传统乡村社会的社会结构及人情网络关系是一个有机镶嵌的整体,集体化时期国家通过广泛的社会动员将广大民众组织起来参与到医疗卫生社会运动当中。在运动中,传统医疗卫生观念、特别是传统医疗与社会的关系纽带被新的负载着国家话语、民族主义以及新型意识形态的医疗卫生运动反复冲击改造,最终不仅改变了农村缺医少药和卫生观念薄弱的落后状况,同时实现了国家新政权建设、意识形态重塑和整个社会工程的改造。另一方面,传统乡村社会在变革中既有适应也有变迁。事实上,在医疗卫生社会运动的背后,潜藏着许多同运动方向相背离的传统面孔(亦或反行为),这些因素不断吞噬着运动的有效性,所以在医疗卫生社会运动走向终结的时候、合作医疗也最终走向了解体,这是深层次的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medical and Hygiene sociology is a new branch of sociology, and there are a great many achievements at home and abroad. This research mainly focus on the rural medical and healthcare during the period of Chinese Agriculture Collectivization. Nowadays, Sociology gives little attention to the rural medical and healthcare, a large proportion of the related research results pay attention to history, especially to the history of the party and the Chinese history. These related research results which only use the literature research way have obvious limitations. In fact, the collectivization period is a prominent and characteristic period in the Chinese social development history, and its influence is still lingering even to this day. During this period, the Chinese Communist Party relies on strong national strength and variety of mobilization strategies, carried out a series of unprecedented social reconstructions in a very short period of time. It not only established the county, town and village hygiene networks rapidly, also launched a strong cooperative medical service, while effectively launched the Patriotic Health Campaign throughout urban and rural areas, of which is full of political overtones, "four pests" campaign and the barefoot doctors all over the countryside and fields, etc. All of this constitute a rich and unique social picture of this period. So, sociology should make their own interpretation and understanding on this social history phenomenon.From the perspective of historical sociology, this paper select the medical health practice of Mishan town, Gaoping county in Shanxi Province during the collectivization period as a case study. It based on social movements theory and investigated the whole process from traditional health care, social movement health care to the national health care model in the microcosmic point of view. In the meantime, it thoroughly discussed the close relationship between health care and local community.This paper argues that health care is the lens side of social change, through the medical and health can be characterized by deepening understanding of social change. Traditional public health practices, traditional social structure of rural society and the relationships are organic. During collectivization period, the nation organized the mass people to participate in health care social movements through a wide range of social mobilization. In the social movements, the traditional health care concepts, especially the relationship between traditional health care and society, was impacted by the health care reform movement which bearing state discourse, nationalism and new ideology. Ultimately, changed not only the rural and underserved a weak sense of the backward state of health, while achieving the country’s new government building, ideology remodeling and transformation of the whole society.In fact,,there are many traditional faces deviate from the movement direction in the back of health social movement, these factors affect the effectiveness of social movements continuously. They are also the deep reason of the disintegration of the cooperative medical sevice.更多还原