青少年犯罪影响因素及预防体系的研究

【作者】 魏宏萍；

【导师】 杨放如；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 临床心理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目的探讨男性青少年犯罪的主要影响因素,为开展青少年犯罪的预防提供理论依据和应对策略。方法采用病例对照研究方法,以湖南省少管所137例男性少年犯为病例组,以同一地区的145例在校男性青少年为对照组,采用一般情况问卷及青少年生活事件量表、应付方式量表、家庭环境量表中文版、社会支持量表、人格诊断问卷进行问卷调查,采用非参数检验、两独立样本t检验和逐步判别分析对资料进行单因素及多因素分析,筛选影响青少年犯罪的主要危险因素。结果1.单因素分析结果表明：犯罪青少年在负性生活事件总量及部分因子(人际关系、健康适应、其它负性事件)、不成熟应付方式(自责、幻想、退避)、合理化的应付方式、家庭的矛盾性、各型人格缺陷(偏执型、分裂性、分裂型、癔病型、自恋型、边缘型、反社会型、回避型、依赖型、强迫型、被动攻击型、抑郁型)上得分及家庭破裂的比例均高于对照组,而在受教育程度、负性生活事件中学习压力因子、成熟的应付方式(解决问题、求助)、家庭环境的部分因子(亲密性、文化性、组织性)、社会支持(主观支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度)上得分均低于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。2.多因素分析结果表明：以有无犯罪为分类变量,进行逐步判别分析,最终发现人际关系及健康适应方面的负性生活事件、自责的应付方式、家庭环境的矛盾性、客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度、反社会人格、强迫人格、被动攻击人格最终进入判别方程式,所得的判别方程式总正确率为92.2%。结论1.犯罪青少年家庭内部的矛盾性较高。2.犯罪青少年遭遇更多的负性生活事件,遭遇不良应激时更易采取不成熟应付方式去处理问题,可寻获的有效社会支持网络薄弱。3.人际关系及健康适应方面的负性生活事件,自责型的应付方式,家庭环境的矛盾冲突及社会支持系统薄弱,反社会、强迫、被动攻击型的人格缺陷,是识别青少年犯罪的主要危险因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the major risk factors of adolescence delinquency and provide a scientific basis for strategies of adolescence delinquency prevention.MethodsUsing a case-control study, we have made 137 cases male juveniles of Hunan juvenile correctional facilities as case group and 145 cases male students of middle school as control group, matched by gender and age. The Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), Family Environment Scale-Chinese version (FES-CV), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+) and basic Questionnaire were self-reported by the subjects. Applying single factor analysis and multivariate statistical analysis to screen the risk factors of adolescence delinquency after a collection of information.ResultsSingle factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences between two groups. the scores of negative life events factors (interpersonal relationship, healthy adaptation and other respects), immature coping styles (self condemn, illusion and withdraw), family conflicts, personality disorder (PND, SZT, SZD, HST, NAR, BDL, ATS, AVD, DEP, OBC, PAG and DPS) and the proportion of the breakdown of families in the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group, but the scores on factors such as of educational level, study pressures factors in the negative life events, mature coping styles (problem-solving and support-seeking), family environment (cohesion, cultural orientation and organization) and social support (subjective support, objective support, the utilization of support and total social support) are significantly lower than those of control group.Multivariate factors analysis showed that 8 variables were selected into the discriminatory equations by the backward stepwise regression, including interpersonal relationship, healthy adaptation, self-condemn styles, family conflicts, subjective support, objective support, the utilization of support, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder, passive aggressive personality disorder. The total accuracy of this equation was 92.2%.Conclusions1. Adolescence delinquent encounter more family internal contradictions.2. Adolescence delinquent encounter more negative life events and tend to handle stress by immature cope style, but less social support.3. The factors of interpersonal relationship, healthy adaptation, self-condemn styles, family conflicts, subjective support, objective support, the utilization of support, antisocial personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder and passive aggressive personality disorder play a significant role for adolescence delinquency.更多还原