【作者】 高立军；

【导师】 周宝峰； 李全锁；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 法律， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】基于刑事诉讼视角的分析

【摘要】 刑事审级制度,是指立法规定的审判机关在静态上划分为几个等级,从动态上刑事案件最多经过几级审理以后,其裁判才发生法律效力的一种法律审判制度。现在,中国是实行四级两审终审制的国家,也就是说,一个案件经过两级法院的两次审理即告终结的法律制度。中国采取四级两审终审制度有以下几个原因：一是符合国情；二是中国上下级法院是监督关系,能够保证案件审理的公正；三是中国刑事诉讼中有比较完备的制度,能够确保办案的质量。但是随着改革开放的发展,中国的政治、经济、文化等各个方面得到了飞速的发展,中国国情已经彻底改变。四级两审终审制度的弊端二审的流于形式、再审的频繁启动和死刑复核制度的空置等导致两审终审制度的一个重要根基——监督关系的存在能保证办案质量,成为空谈,这些表象背后的深层次原因不得不让笔者思考审判委员会制度,可以说,现行的审判委员会制度对审级制度的价值——程序正义破坏殆尽。总之,现行审级制度已经难以满足人民群众对正义的要求了。笔者通过考察西方主要法治国家的相关立法规定及制度运行状况,在吸收和借鉴国外立法的先进性规定基础上,提出了建立有限的三审终审制度的构想,具体地说是建立四级三审终审制度,在法律上对于一定数量的案件给其两次上诉的机会,案件的第三审作为法律审,不再参加事实的审判,死刑案件除外。三审终审制度是对现行制度进行有限改造,也就是现行的等级结构不变情况下必须重新划分各级法院的职能,并且与地方人事、财政脱钩,同时也将死刑复核纳入到三审终审的审级制度中。三审终审制度可能面临很多的障碍,使其很难达到构想的预期目的,但是,不能因为改革的艰难就退缩。当然,宪政理论与程序正义理论为刑事审级制度的改革提供了一个重要的理论依据。刑事审级制度改革是一个系统的工程,不能头痛医头,脚痛医脚,而应该系统地分析,也就是对刑事审级制度本身改革之外还要对相关制度进行调整,只有这样改革才可能成功。更多还原

【Abstract】 The criminal adjudication-grade system refers to a legal judicial system whereby the judicial organs designated by legislation are divided into several levels in a static state and in a dynamic state the criminal cases are tried legally effective after hearing several levels of trial. At present, the four-level and second-instance final appeal system is exercised in China. That is, a case comes to the end after two trials given by the courts of two levels. There are three reasons for the system(the court of second instance is the court of last instance). First, the system suits the national conditions. Second, the higher court supervises the lower court so as to ensure the case trial impartial. Third, there is the relatively perfect criminal proceeding system in our country so that we can guarantee the quality of handling cases.With the development of reform and opening-up, the politics, economy, culture and other fields in China have made great progress and our national conditions have completely changed. The disadvantage of the four-level and second-instance final appeal system is that the mere formality of the second trial, the frequent starting of the retrial and the vacancy of the death penalty review result in the foundation of the system-the supervisory relationship ensures the quality of handling cases-becoming empty talk. The underlying reason for that makes me think about the system of Judicial Committee. We can say that the present Judicial Committee system has destroyed the value of adjudication-grade system—procedural justice. In short, it is difficult for the current adjudication-grade system to meet people’s demands for the justice. Having examined the related legislative requirements and system-operating conditions of the western countries with adequate legal system, I put forward the idea of establishing the limited final-third-trial system on the base of absorbing and learning from the advanced foreign legislation. To be specific, it is the system of four-level and second-instance final appeal by which two appeals are given to some cases and the third trial, as the legal trial, is not brought before the court except the cases of the death penalty. The final-third-trial system can reform the existing system limitedly. That is to say the function must be redesigned under the same hierarchy and separated from the local personnel and finance. As for the division of the courts’function, the Supreme People’Court and the Higher People’s Court should liberate themselves from the fetter of the first trial, and the death penalty review should be included into the adjudication-grade system of the final third trial.The final third trial system may have many obstacles, so it is difficult for us to achieve the intended purpose. However we can not move back because of the difficulty of the reform. Of course, the constitutional theory and the procedural justice theory offer an important theoretical basis for the reform of the criminal adjudication-grade system which is a systematic project. We should not take stop-gap measures but to modify the related system besides the reform of the criminal adjudication-grade system itself. Only in this way can we succeed.更多还原