【作者】 程慧林；

【导师】 宗良纲； 和文龙；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 环境科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在我国长江三角洲地区典型的气候条件、土壤类型、蔬菜种植制度的背景下,以芹菜、生菜、萝卜、西兰花、番茄、黄瓜、毛豆、菜豆等8种代表性蔬菜为供试作物,采用多次重复田间小区试验的方法,研究有机、SEQ、特别与常规栽培对蔬菜产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响,以期为科学合理地评价不同栽培方式的生态环境效益提供依据。研究结果表明：不同方式栽培对蔬菜的产量存在显著影响。不同方式栽培8种蔬菜的产量趋势基本一致,都是常规栽培最高,有机栽培最低,特别与sEQ栽培居中。与常规栽培相比,有机栽培蔬菜减产明显,幅度达到11.1%-64.4%。其中,有机与常规栽培萝卜、西兰花、番茄的产量差异达到1%水平显著,有机与常规栽培芹菜的产量差异达到5%水平显著,其它4种蔬菜的产量差异未达到5%水平显著。除萝卜、西兰花外,sEQ、特别栽培蔬菜的产量比常规栽培的仅略有降低,平均不到15%。不同方式栽培对蔬菜的品质存在一定影响,但与蔬菜种类有关。有机栽培芹菜的品质显著优于常规栽培芹菜,Vc、干物质、可溶性糖含量较高,硝酸盐含量较低。有机栽培番茄的品质显著优于常规栽培番茄,Vc、干物质、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比较高,硝酸盐含量差别不大。不同方式栽培西兰花、黄瓜、毛豆的品质无显著差异。sEQ、特别栽培蔬菜的品质总体上介于有机与常规栽培之间,比常规栽培的略有提高。不同方式栽培蔬菜对土壤肥力存在显著影响。与初始土壤相比,有机栽培土壤的各项肥力指标均有显著提高；与常规栽培相比,有机栽培显著提高了土壤有机质、速效P、速效K的含量和土壤pH值,全N、碱解N含量差异不大,有机栽培提高土壤肥力的作用十分明显。与初始土壤相比,常规栽培土壤的有机质、全N含量略有增加,碱解N含量明显增加,速效P、速效K含量、pH值有所降低,总体上常规栽培略微提高了土壤肥力。sEQ与特别栽培土壤的各项肥力指标变化总体上介于有机与常规栽培之间,土壤肥力显著提高。不同方式栽培提高土壤肥力作用的大小：有机栽培>sEQ.栽培>特别栽培>常规栽培。有机栽培蔬菜的产量比常规栽培的低,但是品质更好,提高土壤肥力的作用十分明显,具有良好的生态环境效益。SEQ、特别栽培蔬菜的产量比常规栽培的略有降低,品质略有提高,提高土壤肥力的作用明显,具有良好的综合效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to assess the eco-environmental benefit of different farming systems, a replicated field experiment was carried on to study the effects of organic farming, SEQ farming, special farming and conventional farming on vegetable yield, quality and soil fertility, under the background of typical climate, soil type and vegetable cropping system in the Yangtze Delta. Celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), broccoli(Brasssica oleracea var. italica Planch), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.), vegetable soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were used as test crops. The results of this study are presented as follows:There was significant difference in yield between farming systems. The yield trend of eight kinds of vegetables was basically the same. Conventional farming system had the highest yield and organic farming system had the lowest yield. Compared with conventional farming system, the yield of organic farming system decreased 11.1%to 64.1%. There was extremely significant difference (p<0.01) between the yield of organic and conventional radish, broccoli and tomato, significant difference (p<0.05) between the yield of organic and conventional celery, but of no significant difference in other four kinds of vegetables. In contrast to conventional farming, the yield of SEQ farming and special farming only decreased slightly (less than 15%in average) except for radish and broccoli.There was some difference in vegetable quality between farming systems, but it depends on vegetable categories. Organic celeries were significantly of better quality than conventional ones, contained more vitamin C, dry matter and soluble sugar, less nitrate. Organic tomatoes were significantly of better quality than conventional ones, contained more vitamin C, dry matter and soluble sugar, less nitrate and had higher ratio of sugar to acid. There was no significant difference between the quality of organic and conventional broccolis, cucumbers and vegetable soybeans. As a whole, the quality of vegetables from SEQ and special farming systems ranged between organic and conventional ones, was a little better than conventional ones.There was significant difference in soil fertility between farming systems. Compared with initiated soil, all the soil fertility indicators improved in organic farming systems. Compared with conventional soil, soil organic matter, available P, available K and pH increased significantly in organic soil. But total N and available N didn’t discriminate between organic and conventional soil. Compared with initiated soil, there was a slight increase of soil organic matter and total N, significant increase of available N, slight decrease of available P, available K and pH in conventional soil. As a whole, the changes of soil fertility in SEQ and special farming systems ranged between organic and conventional farming systems. All the farming systems improved soil fertility and the effects ranged from higher to lower were organic farming, SEQ farming, special farming and conventional farming.In contrast to conventional farming, the vegetable yield of organic farming decreased, but vegetable quality improved, and soil fertility improved significantly, so organic farming has good eco-environmental benefits.In contrast to conventional farming, the vegetable yield of SEQ farming and special farming decreased slightly, vegetable quality improved slightly, and soil fertility improved significantly, so SEQ farming and special farming have good comprehensive benefits.更多还原