缺血性卒中患者卒中预防的KAP调查

【作者】 宋丽君；

【导师】 牛小媛；

【作者基本信息】 山西医科大学 ， 神经病学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：脑血管病的发病率、致残率、死亡率均高,它与心脏病、恶性肿瘤构成了人类的三大致死病因。在我国,缺血性卒中占整个卒中发病率的70-75%,是卒中的主要类型。大量资料表明,对脑血管病危险因素的合理控制可以降低其发病率及复发率。本课题通过对缺血性卒中患者的调查,了解缺血性卒中患者预防的现状及可能的原因,为卒中教育提供参考。方法：研究对象是2009年10月-2010年2月山西医科大学第一医院神经内科收治的缺血性卒中患者168例。入院当天详细了解患者缺血性卒中的常见可干预危险因素(高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、肥胖)的情况,并详细记录患者的一般资料、疾病的病程、诊治医院、用药过程、控制水平、不用药的原因、疾病与卒中关系的知晓情况。入院后检查患者的相关危险因素。统计方法：采用SPSS13.0软件,定量资料采用均数±标准差,定性资料采用率、构成比。结果：1.缺血性卒中患者危险因素的知晓情况：入院前已知的高血压患者占全部高血压患者的88.71%(110／124),入院前已知的糖尿病患者占全部糖尿病患者的59.65%(34／57),入院前已知的血脂异常患者占全部血脂异常患者的12.00%(6／50),肥胖患者占调查人数的12.50%(21／168),吸烟患者占调查人数的38.69%(65／168)。2.缺血性卒中危险因素的治疗情况：规律服药的高血压患者占63.64%(70／110),规律用药的糖尿病患者占58.82%(20／34),6例血脂异常患者2例规律服药。3.缺血性卒中危险因素的控制情况：33.64%(37／110)高血压患者监测血压显示控制在正常范围。35.29%(12／34)糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白达标。4.缺血性卒中二级预防：规范服用抗血小板药物的患者占既往有缺血性卒中病史患者的30%。4.高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖、吸烟是缺血性卒中的危险因素,患者表示知道的分别占42.73%、52.94%、0%、0%、0%。结论：1.缺血性卒中患者的一级预防状况：高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、血脂异常、肥胖等脑血管病的常见危险因素控制情况不佳,其中,高血压的知晓控制情况较好,糖尿病次之,血脂异常差。2.缺血性卒中患者的二级预防：本调查中规范进行抗血小板治疗的仅占30%。危险因素的控制情况同一级预防。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:The incidence of cerebrovascular disease, disability and mortality are high, with heart disease, cancer constitute the three major causes of death in human. In our country, the ischemic stroke incidence of stroke in 70-75 percent, is the main types of stroke. Large amounts of data indicate that cerebrovascular disease risk factors on the reasonable control can reduce the incidence and recurrence rate.This topic through the investigation of ischemic stroke patients, ischemic stroke patients to prevent the situation and the reasons for stroke, may provide reference for educationMethods:All patients in October 2009-February 2010 Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, admitted 168 patients with ischemic stroke. Learn more about the day of admission in patients with ischemic stroke can interfere with the common risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity) situation, and detailed records of patients with general information, diagnosis and treatment, controllevel, the reasons for not drug use, knowledge of the relationship between disease and stroke cases.After admission examination of the patient associated risk factors.Statistical Methods:SPSS 13.0 software, quantitative data with the use of mean±standard deviation, qualitative data using rate, proportion.Results:1.Ischemic stroke risk factors in patients with known conditions:pre-hospital patients with known high blood pressure in hypertensive patients accounted for 88.71%(110/124), known diabetes prior to admission accounted for 59.65% of diabetic patients (34/57), pre-hospital patients with known dyslipidemia dyslipidemia in patients with total 12.00%(6/50), obese patients accounted for 12.50% of those surveyed (21/168), smoking patients accounted for 38.69% of those surveyed (65/168).2.Risk factors for ischemic stroke treatment:The law of hypertensive patients with medication accounted for 63.64%(70/110), regular medication with diabetes accounted for 58.82%(20/34),6 cases were two cases of dyslipidemia drugs laws. Risk factors for ischemic stroke.3.To control the situation:33.64%(37/110) to monitor blood pressure in patients with hypertension display control in the normal range. Poor control of glucose condition,12 patients had glycated hemoglobin compliance status of diabetes control rating scale.4.Secondary prevention of ischemic stroke:specification of patients taking antiplatelet drugs accounted for a history of ischemic stroke patients with a history of 30%.5.Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking is a risk factor of ischemic stroke, patients know that accounted for 42.73%,52.94%,0%,0%,0%. Conclusion:1.Primary prevention of ischemic stroke:hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity and other risk factors for cerebrovascular disease control of the situation is not optimistic.control of blood pressure is better, followed by diabetes, poor blood lipid abnormalities.2.Secondary prevention of ischemic stroke:the survey specifications antiplatelet therapy only 30%.Control of risk factors for primary prevention with the situation.更多还原