【作者】 王桂青；

【导师】 蒋艳菊；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 反语是间接言语行为的一种,根指使用与本意相反的字面形式表达本意的一种修辞形式。反语对儿童来讲是难度最大的一种语言现象,研究儿童反语理解有助于了解儿童语言发展规律,揭示儿童社会认知发展机制。本研究采用故事情境的实验方法,以144名6-12岁儿童为被试,探讨了以下两个方面的问题:(1)汉语儿童直接反语和间接反语理解能力发展趋势和错误类型以及原因;(2)知识经验对儿童反语理解的影响。主要研究结果如下:1. 6-12岁儿童直接反语和间接反语理解能力发展不同步。10岁儿童直接反语理解能力显著高于间接反语理解能力,儿童直接反语理解能力在10岁接近成熟水平,间接反语理解能力在12岁接近成熟水平。2. 6岁、8岁和12岁儿童对直接反语和间接反语的理解没有差异,而10岁儿童对间接反语的理解表现出更多困难。3.儿童反语理解能力在不同方面表现出不平衡性。6岁儿童已经有部分儿童能够初步判断反语说话人的态度和真实含义,但基本不能正确解释说话人的话语目的;12岁儿童已基本能够正确判断说话人表达的态度和真实含义,并且能够正确解释反语的话语目的。4.不同年龄儿童反语理解错误类型不同,较年幼儿童主要是将反语当作真诚话语;较年长儿童主要是把反语当作欺骗。5.关于反语现象的知识经验的增加能够促进儿童反语理解能力的发展。这种促进作用在反语理解水平低的儿童更加显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Irony is one form of indirect speech and it is the most difficult linguistic phenomenon for children to understand. Irony is a form of rhetoric intending to express the original intention by the literal form which is contrary to the original intention.Researching on children’s understanding of irony can help us to find out the developmental discipline of children’s language and to reveal the mechanism of cognitive development.By means of situational story method, the present study investigated the 6-12-year-old Chinese children’s understanding of irony. The study is consisted by two parts: (1) to examine the developmental trends and mistake types in 6-12-year-old children’s understanding of direct and indirect irony; (2) to explore the role of related knowledge in children’s understanding of irony. The results mainly are as follows.1. As for the developmental trends of children’s understanding of direct and indirect irony, we found that they are not in synchrony. Children’s ability to understand direct irony have appeared at 6 and rapidly developed at 8 and been reaching maturity at 10, but to indirect irony, appeared at 6 and slowly developed at 8 and rapidly developed at 10 and been reaching maturity at 12.2. There is no significant difference between direct and indirect irony in 6-year-old and 12-year-old children, but it is more difficult for 8-year-old and 10-year-old children in indirect irony understanding.3. The children showed developmental imbalance in different aspects of irony cognition. Some 6-year-old children had begun to understand the attitudes and the discourse meanings of the irony speakers initially, but could not explain the speech purpose of irony correctly. Most of the 12-year-old children could understand the attitudes and the discourse meanings of the irony and explain the speech purpose of irony correctly.4. The main types of mistakes in 6-12-year-old children’s understanding of irony are as following: taking irony as sincere utterance, encouraging utterance, cheating words or no reason. The younger children mainly took irony as sincere utterance and the older children mainly took it as cheating words.5. Children’s understanding of irony could be improved by knowledge training. One of the reasons of difficulty in children’s understanding of irony is that lack of relevant knowledge. As soon as the children gained relevant knowledge, their ability to understand irony would be improved greatly.更多还原