【作者】 魏义强；

【导师】 张永波；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 水工结构工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着我国经济的发展,基础设施建设项目实施加速,矿产资源被大量地开采,尤其是煤炭开采量更大,使我国众多矿区的浅层煤炭等矿产资源面临枯竭。而随着经济的进一步发展,对煤炭等矿产资源的需求与日俱增,采矿深度在不断增加。因此对大埋深采空区的研究具有理论和现实意义。随着计算机技术的进步使数值计算方法不断发展并广泛应用于科研和工程实践中,包括隧道开挖、矿业工程以及地下工程等。其突出的优点是能够代替昂贵耗时的试验,对所研究的问题进行数值模拟。本课题以忻保高速公路保德煤矿采空区段为实验研究基地,运用相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟计算的方法,在其他采矿条件不变的情况下探讨了不同埋深、不同采厚情况下的地表变形规律、采空区裂隙带发育高度以及覆岩破坏发育规律等。取得如下主要成果:1.根据相似材料模拟实验的结果,探讨了煤层开采后覆岩移动和地表变形规律,分析了采空区覆岩裂隙的垂向“三带”和水平“三区”裂隙分布特征,并对裂隙率进行了统计。2.根据相似材料模拟实验的结果,探讨了覆岩裂隙带发育高度,开采过程中覆岩裂隙从下向上发育,开采结束后覆岩碎胀系数从下向上依次减小,覆岩三带的下沉系数从下向上依次减小。3.根据数值计算的结果,探讨了不同埋深情况下地表的移动变形规律,随着采深的增加,地表移动盆地的范围逐渐增大,地表最大沉降量依次减小。在大采深条件下,地表移动盆地随着采深的继续增大而减小。地表沉降与采厚呈线性关系。4.根据数值计算结果,综合考虑采深采厚的影响因素,引入采深采厚比,当采深采厚比达到300时,采煤活动对地表的影响很小,当采深采厚比达到400时,采煤活动对地表没有任何影响。5.根据数值计算结果,开采结束后通过水平应力和岩层的抗拉强度的比较得到覆岩冒落裂隙带的发育高度,研究表明,在大采深条件下,随着采深的增加,覆岩裂隙带发育高度逐渐减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the development of our national economy,many infrastructions projects accelerating to put into practice,mineral resources had been mined heavly,especially colliery mined more extensively. many shallow coal mining mineral resources exhausted face. With the further development of the economy,more mineral resources are needed increasingly. The mining depth becomes more and more deep.Therefore the study of large embedded depth is of theoretical and practical significance. Along with the progress of computer technology numerical calculation method is continuously developed and widely used in scientific research and engineering practice,including tunneling excavating,mining engineering and underground engineering,etc. Its advantage is to replace expensive and time-consuming test,to study the problem by numerical simulation.This topic is taking XinBao expressway in the coal mine goafs section as experiment’s research base, adopting similar material simulation experiment and numerical simulation methods discussed the surface deformation、the goaf fracture zones development height and the development rule of overburden rock damage under the condition of different buried depth and different thickness when the circumstance of other mining conditions invariable, The main results are as follows:1.According to the results of the experiment similar material simulation, discussed the overburden strata movement and ground surface deformation law after coal mining, analysed the overburden rock fracture goaf vertical and horizontal fracture distribution characteristics. and statisticed the fracture rate.2.According to the results of the experiment similar material simulation, discussed the rock fracture zone height, mining process of overburden rock fracture upwards, mining development after the hulking coefficient of overburden rock from below, overburden strata in the output from upwards in order.3.According to the numerical calculation results, this paper discusses the different circumstances in the surface deformation, with the movement of the increase of mining depth, the surface movement range of basin gradually increasing, the surface subsidence in maximum. In large mining depth, the surface movement under the condition of deep basin with mining to decreases. The surface subsidence by linear relationship with thick.4.According to the numerical calculation results, the comprehensive consideration of the mining depth, by introducing the factors affecting the thickness of mining depth mining thick, when the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining more than 300 ,the effect of coal mining activities on the surface is very small, when the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining more than 400, no influence on surface activity.5.According to the numerical calculation results, through the level of stress and tension strength of rock overburden rock fracture zones get height, research shows that the development of mining depth, under the condition of the increase of mining depth, with rock fracture zone, highly decrease gradually.更多还原