【作者】 王希强；

【导师】 张建明；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 人文地理学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】以银川市为例

【摘要】 经济的迅速发展推动了人类社会和人类文明的进步,人类在满足自身物质和精神享受的同时,给地球带来了各种各样的生态安全问题。国外从20世纪70年代就开始关注生态安全问题,而国内从20世纪90年代末期才开始公开关注生态安全问题。近几年来,国内对于生态安全的研究显著增多。目前,生态安全研究已成为国内外研究的热点。银川为宁夏的省会城市。经过几十年的快速发展,银川已成为西北地区举足轻重的城市。银川市地处西北内陆干旱区,雨雪稀少,蒸发强烈,气候干燥,风大沙多,存在土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、沙尘暴、水资源短缺等问题,生态环境脆弱。对银川市生态安全现状进行评价分级,因地制宜的应对生态安全威胁,对于银川市生态环境保护、生态安全建设等具有一定的指导意义。本文通过总结生态安全方面的基础理论、研究现状和研究方法,基于PSR模型,建立了银川市生态安全评价指标体系；利用RS与GIS技术对银川市生态安全评价指标信息进行提取,并在此基础上建立了2007年银川市生态安全评价指标数据库；基于常权和变权加法平均综合模型对2007年银川市生态安全现状进行评价,最后提出了生态安全调控措施。主要结论如下：(1)运用基于常权和基于变权加法平均综合模型对银川市生态安全进行评价对比,发现运用变权方法得到的结果更加符合实际情况。(2)银川市生态安全水平以较差和一般为主,两者占到银川市总面积的68.17%。其中,较差水平面积为3704.05km2,占银川市总面积的38.77%;其次为一般水平,面积为2809.35km2,占银川市总面积的29.4%；生态安全水平良的面积为1113.84km2,占银川市总面积的11.66%；生态安全水平差的面积为1927.75km2,达到银川市总面积的1／5以上,为20.18%；银川市不存在生态安全水平优的区域。(3)银川市整体生态安全处于较差水平。临河镇生态安全水平最高,生态安全指数为6.47,大新镇生态安全水平最低,生态安全指数为2.74。银川市乡镇生态安全以差和较差水平为主,两者分别占到13个和9个乡镇,生态安全水平一般的乡镇有5个。(4)针对综合分析结果,在分析原因的基础上提出了银川市生态安全分级管制的思路,把银川市划分为四级管制区：一级管制区基本上集中在城区和交通线周围；二级管制区主要集中在灌区两侧和灵武市中部；三级管制区主要集中在贺兰山山前洪积倾斜平原、黄河冲积平原东侧以及灵武市北部和南部零星区域；四级管制区主要集中在贺兰山自然保护区、白芨滩自然保护区。最后,针对不同级别的管制区提出了具有针对性的生态安全调控措施。另外,针对宁东能源化工基地,提出了专门的生态安全调控措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of economic promotes the progress of human society and human civilization. However, when the human satisfy their own material and spiritual enjoyment, a series of problems of ecological security occur one after another. In Foreign, the human begin to focus on the problems of ecological security from the 1970s, however, in domestic, the human begin to do it until the late 1990s. In recent years, the study on the ecological security increases obviously. At present, the study on ecological security has become a hot spot at home and abroad.Yinchuan is the capital of Ningxia’s province. With the fast development of eomomic, Yinchuan has become one of the leading cities in Northwest China. However, Yinchuan City is located in Northwest Arid Region of China, which has following characteristics:the scarcity of rain and snow, strong evaporation, dry climate, strong wind, more sand and so on. There are some problems, such as land desertification, soil salinization, sandstorm, water shortages and other issues. So, the ecological environment of Yinchuan is fragile. So it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the eclogical security level of Yinchuan city. It is hepeful to guide the construction of Yinchuan environmental protection and ecological security.The basic theory of ecological security, research status and research methods were summarized in this thesis. The ecological security assessment index system of Yinchuan was established based on PSR model. The information of the ecological security assessment index was extracted by using RS and GIS technology. The ecological security evaluation database of Yinchuan City was established. And then, the level of ecological security of Yinchuan was evaluated based on the constant weight and the variable weight average additive synthesis model. At last, some ecological security control measures were made. The main conclusions were as follows:(1)Based on evaluating the level of ecological security of Yinchuan by using the constant weight and the variable weight average additive synthesis model,we found that the result obtained by using the variable weight average additive synthesis model was more practical.(2)The ecological security of Yinchuan was mainly of lower and general level. They accounted for 68.17% of the total area of Yinchuan. The proportion of the lowerer level was 38.77%, and the area was 3704.05km2. The proportion of the general level was 29.4%, and the area was 2809.35km2. The proportion of the higher level was 11.66%, and the area was 1113.84km2. The proportion of the lowest level was 20.18%, and the area was 1927.75km2. There was no the highest level in Yinchuan.(3)The whole level of ecological security of Yinchuan was mainly the lower. The level of ecological security of Linhe Town was the highest, which was 6.47. The level of ecological security of Daxin Town was the lowest, which was 2.74. The ecological security of local villages and towns were mainly the lowest and lower level, which accounted for 13 and 9 respectively. The number of the general level was 5.(4)Considering the evaluation results and the contributing factors, the idea of the graded control of ecological security was proposed. Yinchuan City was divided into four zones:The first control zone was largely concentrated in urban areas and transport lines. The second control zone was largely concentrated in both sides of irrigation district and the central of Lingwu. The third control zone was largely concentrated in the Helan Mountains piedmont alluvial plain sloping, east of the Yellow River alluvial plain and the northern and southern parts of Lingwu City. The fourth control zone was largely concentrated in Helan Mountain Natural Reserve, Bletilla Beach Natural Reserve. At last, some control measures of ecological security were proposed to different graded control zones. In addition, some special control measures were made for construction of Ningdong Energy Chemical Base.更多还原