【作者】 魏述艳；

【导师】 赵廷宁；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 工程绿化， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】以北京首云铁矿为例

【摘要】 矿山废弃地因开采造成水土流失,生态系统退化,影响周边居民的生产生活和区域经济的可持续发展。划分矿山废弃地立地类型是矿区植被恢复建设的基础工作,是保证植被成活率和提高绿化生产水平的重要举措。首云铁矿是北京市范围内建设规模最大,最具代表性的铁矿厂,选择其作为立地划分的研究对象具有典型意义。通过资料搜集及实地样地调查,对矿区气候、海拔、地形、地貌、土质、植被恢复情况等方面进行了较为详细的调查研究,将矿山废弃地按人工干扰后植被是否已恢复分为两大类：干扰后裸露坡面和植被已恢复坡面。按地表物质组成的不同,将这两大类又分为岩质坡面、土石混合坡面、尾矿砂坡面三种情况。对其分别确定影响植被恢复的立地因子,进行样方调查。数据采用主成分分析、回归分析的方法,结合实地情况的判断,找出每种类型组中对立地有决定性影响的主导因子,再用因子分级组合法或聚类的方法得出立地类型,并以主导因子对每种立地类型命名。最终以坡度、坡向、风化程度、土层厚度、恢复方式等主导因子把首云铁矿废弃地划分为6个类型组25个立地类型。针对各裸地立地类型,因地制宜,按照近自然的原则进行综合规划,提出合理的生态治理和植被恢复措施的建议,以营造人居和谐的社会环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wastelands formed by iron ore mining have caused serious soil erosion and ecosystem degradation in Beijing, which directly impact the production and living conditions of residents around mining areas as well as regional economic sustainable development. So classifying and estimating for site type of mines wastelands is of great significant foundation for the ecological environment requirements of the belt named ecological conservation and development of capital..Shouyun Co.Ltd is the largest and most representative of iron ore plant in Beijing, and it is typital meaning to choose it for site classifying on study.Through data collection and field survey plots, mining area is more detailedly investigated and researched based on climate, altitude, topography, soil and vegetation recovery, and it is restored into two categories by weather artificial disturbance of vegetation or not:disturbance bare slope and vegetation has been restored slope. Because of different types of surface meterial composition, they are sorted three situations:rock slope, mixed earth and rock slope, slope of three tailings site type groups. Determined their impact factors of sites and samples were surveyed. Using principal component analysis, regression analysis combined with field-judgment determined for each type of group to have a decisive effect against the leading factor, then factor rating method or combination of clustering method to determine the site type, and to name the dominant factors.Finally, based on site factors such as slope grade, aspect, rock weathering degree, soil thickness, revevetation methords, the abandoned iron ore divided into six types of group and 25 site type slope. According to the bare divided into various site types, local conditions, in accordance with the principles of recent natural integrated planning, ecosystem management and a reasonable revegetation measures proposed to create a harmonious social environment for human settlements.更多还原