【作者】 陈辉；

【导师】 陈硕； 沈模卫；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 应用心理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 数量表征是数字认知领域的核心问题,对于数字加工过程中数量以何种方式进行表征这一问题在理论上存在着两种对立的观点。一种观点认为,数字加工依赖于单一、抽象的数量编码表征,即数量表征不受数字符号形式的影响；另一种观点则认为,数字的数量表征依赖于数字的表面形式(surface format),即数量表征受数字符号形式影响,并不存在抽象的数量表征。上述两种观点都得到了大量的研究证据。通过分析以往相互矛盾的实验结果可以发现,在这两类相互冲突的实验中,其数量表征任务往往属不同层次的加工。笔者据此假设,不同的加工层次中数量可能以不同的方式进行表征。基于这一假设,笔者选取数量简单比较与加法运算这两种代表不同数量表征加工水平的任务,尝试从数量表征加工层次的角度入手,采用记录事件相关电位的方法,对数量表征方式作进一步探讨。本研究包括三个实验。实验1以阿拉伯数字和麻将点数为刺激材料,采用延迟匹配S1-S2范式,考察了在数量比较加工过程中,数量是否以依赖于数字表面形式的编码方式表征。实验2选取与实验1相同的刺激材料,采用延迟判断任务(delayed verification task)范式,探讨了在数字运算过程中(以加法运算为例),数量是否以单一、抽象的编码方式表征。实验3以阿拉伯数字、麻将点数以及汉字数字为刺激材料,采用与实验2相同的任务范式,进一步检验数字运算过程中(以加法运算为例),数量是否以单一、抽象的编码方式表征。本研究主要获得以下结论：(1)数字加工过程中数量的表征方式受数量加工水平的影响。当任务只需要进行浅层次的数量加工时,不同符号形式的数字以依赖于表面形式的方式表征；当任务需要进行深层次的数量加工时,则以单一、抽象的方式表征。(2)数量的抽象表征可能以接近阿拉伯数字的形式(或阿拉伯数字形式)存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Magnitude representation is one of the most important questions in number cognition. There are two opposing views on magnitude representation in the numerical processing. Some researchers assume that numerical processing relies on a single, abstract magnitude representation, that is, the magnitude representation is independent of numerical notations. While others deny the existence of a unitary abstract magnitude representation and argue that magnitude representation is dependent on surface format of numbers. Each hypothesis has received considerable amount of supporting evidence. From the conflicting results, we find that the level of magnitude representation is different in previous studies. Therefore, we suppose the representation of magnitude is influenced by the level of magnitude processing in different tasks. According to this hypothesis, we attempt to further investigate the representation of magnitude by recording event-related potentials, with numerical comparison and addition tasks selected to represent two different levels of magnitude representation.This study included three experiments. Adopting a delayed match-to-sample paradigm, the first experiment investigated whether the representation of magnitude depended on the surface format of the numbers, with the Arabic numbers and non-symbolic dots (similar to those on the faces of a mahjong) selected as materials. In the second experiment, the same materials as the first experiment were used, while a delayed verification task paradigm was adopted, in order to investigate whether the representation of magnitude is independent of numerical notations in arithmetic tasks, such as addition tasks. In the third experiment, the same task paradigm as in the second experiment was adopted while the Arabic numbers, Mandarin numbers and non-symbolic dots were adopted as materials. We further explored whether magnitude was indeed represented in an abstract fashionThe main findings of this study are as follows:(1) The magnitude representation will be influenced by the level of magnitude processing in different tasks. In some tasks accessible to shallow processing, the representation of magnitude depends on the surface format of the numbers. While in other tasks a deep level of processing is needed, magnitude is represented in a single, abstract representation.(2) The single, abstract magnitude code might be in the form of Arabic format or at least close to Arabic format.更多还原