【作者】 任刚；

【导师】 贾海涛；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 国际关系， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 印度是当今国际关系中有重要影响力的国家之一,有着独立自主的外交传统,在其核武器发展进程中,走了一条与众不同之路,经历了坚持和平利用到不放弃军事应用再到重视和平利用的过程,呈现出非连贯和不放弃的特点,直到1998年核试验后才成为事实上的核国家。随后,在国际社会的压力下,印度调整了核政策,采取了冻结核试验以及重视与国际社会进行民用核能合作的政策,同时加强构建“三位一体”的核力量,制定了“可信的、最低限度的”核威慑战略。在核武化进程中,印度与美国产生了严重的分歧与冲突,印度视发展核武器为国家的根本利益和维护国家安全的有效方式,美国将防扩散作为国家的重要利益和对外政策的重点,在核问题上,印美之间经历了长期的博弈。直至印美正式开展民用核能合作之前,核问题一直是印美关系中绕不开的话题。关于印度核武化与印美核关系,本文主要从五个方面进行分析和论述。首先,以时间为线索,系统阐述印度独立以来核武化的具体进程,详细考察印度历史上主要领导人对核武化道路的态度和影响,展现印度发展核武器从道义到现实的转变。其次,运用现实主义理论、历史学思维与层次分析法,从国际、地区、国家和个人四个层次解析印度发展核武器的动因。其三,分析并论述印美核关系的演变历程,重点论述印美民用核能合作协议的生效进程。其四,运用美国理想主义与现实主义动态平衡的外交理念,分析美国对印度核政策转变的原因,论述印美民用核能合作在双边、地区以及国际层面的影响力。最后,探讨和展望印度的核发展趋势、印度的核武器国家地位、奥巴马“无核世界”理念对印美关系可能带来的变化以及印美核关系的变动对中国带来的挑战与机遇。更多还原

【Abstract】 India is one of the most influential countries in today’s international relations, which has independent foreign traditions, goes a different way in its nuclear-weapon development process, experiences the process adhere to the peaceful use to do not give up of military applications and then to attach importance to the peaceful use, showing a non-consistent and not give up features. India becomes a fact nuclear-weapon state after nuclear test in 1998. Subsequently, India adjusted nuclear weapon policy under the international community pressure, adopted the policy freezing it’s nuclear test plan and taken the cooperation carrying out civil nuclear energy with the international community’s seriously, at the same time reinforced the nuclear force structuring it’s "Three-in-One" and developed "credible, minimum limit "nuclear deterrence strategy. In the nuclear process, India and USA have produced grave divergence and conflict. India regards development nuclear weapon as country’s fundamental interests and the effective way safeguarding national security, and USA looks on to preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons as country’s important benefit and the foreign policy priority. India and the United States experience a long-term game as to the issue of nuclear weapon. The nuclear-weapon problem has been always a topic of conversation of the India-US relationship until India-US carried out the civil nuclear energy formally.On nuclear-weapon process of India and India-US nuclear relationship, This paper mainly analyzed and discussed in five aspects. First, the nuclear weapons is systematically described the specific process since the independence of India through a chronological approach. And then, the main leaders in history are detailedly inspected attitude and effect of the nuclear-weapon road, showing India’s development of nuclear weapons from the moral to the reality of change, eventually a basic national policy is formulated. Second, the article tries to resolve the motivation of development of nuclear weapon in India from four perspectives, namely the international, regional, national and personal by using realist theory, history and analytic thinking. Third, the article analyzes and discusses the evolution of the India-US nuclear relations course. Among them, the article mainly analyzes the effective process of India-US civil nuclear power cooperative agreement. Fourth, the article analyzes the reason that the USA transforms to the Indian nuclear policy by using the American idealism and realism dynamical equilibrium diplomatic idea, and then discusses significant impact of India-US civil nuclear cooperation in bilateral, local as well as the international level. Finally, the article discusses the prospects in India’s nuclear development trends, the status of India’s nuclear-weapon states, Obama’s "nuclear-free world" philosophy may bring changes to India-US relations and the changes of the India-US nuclear relations impact on China.更多还原