近代陕商经营管理制度变迁初探

【作者】 李瑞敏；

【导师】 李刚；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 作为十大商帮的陕西商帮,在中国近代特殊的由传统向现代过渡的社会转型背景中,其经营管理制度也被看做是传统与现代的过渡。虽然陕西商帮在近代的整体实力是衰退的,但是其经营管理制度却随着长期的贸易经营活动,显示出了有效性。制度经济学认为一个经济体的发展变化是和其所处的外部制度环境、内部制度、非正式制度有关系的。只有当经济体所运用的内部制度与外部环境、非正式制度相互适应时,才会发挥其最优状态并产生经济效益。因此,本文运用制度经济学的相关概念和研究方法来分析陕商在近代贸易活动中所形成的经营管理制度的发展与变化。本文第一部分是关于制度经济学方法论的描述。包括制度经济学在研究陕商时的概念界定以及对于陕商的评级体系的确立。之后首先探讨的是陕商外部制度环境的变迁,主要是从清政府出台的经济政策和与之相关的行为措施,以及陕西当局的应对措施和相关的经济政策。然后系统分析陕商在近代所形成的有效率的正式制度和非正式制度。其中正式制度包括陕商的用人制度、采销制度、资金管理和商会组织等。非正式制度包括长期以来传统思想的强化和近代商人社会地位由边缘向中心的转化。最后分析陕商随着外部制度的变迁,商号及其经营者没有及时的创新制度和有效的适应力而导致经营管理制度的实效、非正式制度所带来的消极作用而最终走向衰落,退出了历史舞台。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the top ten shaanxi Commercial Group, in particular, the transition of the modern China from traditional to the modern context of social transformation, its operation and management system has also been seen as traditional and the modern transition. Although the business to help in modern Shaanxi Province’s overall strength is a recession, its operation and management system has a long-term trade with the business activities, showed the effectiveness.Institutional Economics that a change is the development of economies and their institutional environment in which the external and internal systems, the informal system are related. Only when the economy by the use of internal systems and external environment, the informal system of mutual accommodation, the only play to their optimal state and generate economic benefits.Therefore, this article related to the use of institutional economics to analyze the concepts and research methods of modern trade operators in Shaanxi formed in the operation and management system development and changes. This first part is on the system description of the methodology of economics. Including institutional economics in the study defines the concept of Shaanxi, when business and for the Shaanxi-friendly rating system established first. After the first business of the Shaanxi changes in the external institutional environment, mainly from the Qing government issued economic policies and related behavioral measures, as well as response measures in Shaanxi authorities and relevant economic policies. Then in the modern business systems analysis Shaanxi formed by an efficient formal and informal systems. Formal system which includes Shaanxi employment system manufacturers, marketing systems, financial management and the Chamber of Commerce organizations. Informal systems include long-standing traditions and modern ideas to strengthen the social status of businessmen from the edge to the center of the transformation. The final analysis, Shaanxi business changes with the external system, traders and operators failure to make timely and effective innovation system, which led to the resilience of the effectiveness of the management system, informal system, the negative effects brought about and eventually decline, withdrew from the the stage of history.更多还原