【作者】 田卫娟；

【导师】 綦慧；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展,能源的需求量日益增加,以化石能源为基础的能源结构越来越不适应可持续发展的需要,人类面临能源严重短缺和燃烧化石能源造成的环境问题。由此,太阳能应用逐渐成为新能源技术的研究热点。针对太阳能存在着光能密度低、间歇性、空间分布不断变化的特点,本文主要围绕太阳跟踪技术进行研究,通过太阳跟踪减小太阳入射光线与太阳能电池阵列的入射角,以提高太阳辐射利用率,降低发电系统成本。首先,在介绍目前国内外太阳跟踪器发展现状及原理的基础上,本文提出了一种视日运动轨迹跟踪和光电跟踪相结合的跟踪策略,实现对太阳的大范围、日照时间内的全自动跟踪。其次,设计完成了高度角方位角跟踪装置,并根据采用的太阳跟踪系统跟踪策略完成了硬件电路部分的元器件选型和设计。再次,根据应用场合的需求,完成了基于FPGA软件部分的设计及仿真,包括:视日运动轨迹算法、光电跟踪太阳图像处理算法和电机驱动算法的研究与实现。最后,针对本文所设计的太阳跟踪系统进行了系统调试。实验结果充分表明,本文设计的太阳跟踪控制系统的研究思路、控制方法、硬件设计以及软件设计都是切实可行的。系统具有结构简单、运行平稳、跟踪精度高、抗干扰性强等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of society and economy, energy demand is increasing.Energy structure based on fossil energy can not satisfy the needs of sustainabledevelopment any more. Humanity face serious energy shortage and environmentalissues of burning fossil fuels. Based on this; application of solar energy technologybecomes research focus. However, the solar energy has the special characteristicsthat solar light energy density is low, intermittent and spatial distribution is changing.So this paper studies on solar tracking technology. Solar tracking system can reducethe angle between sun incident light and incidence of solar cell arrays. It canimprove the utilization of solar radiation and reduce the cost of power generationsystem.Firstly, the development of solar tracker and the principle of solar tracking in theworld are introduced. This paper has proposed the tracking strategy composed of thesolar trajectory and optical tracking. It can achieve automatic tracking with a widerange of sun.Secondly, elevation-azimuth angle tracking device is designed. The componentsof the selection and design of the hardware are completed using the control strategyaccording to the solar tracking system.Thirdly, according to the requirements of the design, the software of the systemis completed in this FPGA platform. Solar trajectory algorithm achieving, opticaltracking of image processing and the step motor driving are included.Finally, the hardware and software experiments show that the proposed controlmethod, the design of the solar tracking controller’s hardware and software arepracticable. The system has lots of advantages such as simple structure, runningsmoothly and high tracking precision.更多还原