【作者】 付书朋；

【导师】 李鲁宁；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 文艺学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 自然美问题是美学理论的“危险三角区”,在美学史上,不少美学家对自然美进行过探讨,提出自己独到的见解,但终因自然美的多样性无法给出一个完全合理的解释。同时,各个美学流派也都在自然美的问题上暴露出其致命的缺陷,自然美越来越成为美学发展的“绊脚石”,因此,只有填补了自然美研究中的空白点,我们才能从根本上促进美学的发展。本文立足于实践美学的自然美论,对其进行反思,希望对后人的研究起到抛砖引玉的作用。对于实践美学的自然美论来说,存在着两个比较致命的弱点：是未经人类改造过的自然美的起源与本质问题的解释；另一个是探究在生态美学的兴起下,劳动是否能够产生美,尤其是自然美这个问题。实践美学的自然美论虽然存在着一些缺陷,但是却没有达到退出历史舞台的地步,它应该保持开放性,积极吸取各个流派中关于自然美的可利用的观点,进而丰富和发展自己。本文首先,要对实践美学自然美论做一次系统的概述,并在此基础对其进行反思,以此为基础寻找出自然美理论发展的途径。其次,对实践美学自然美论哲学基础的发展。实践美学的建立是以马克思的唯物实践观为哲学基础,认为自然美是“自然的人化”的结果,强调自然美是人的社会实践活动的结果,是坚持“人类中心主义”。实际上,我们却忽视了马克思唯物实践观中的生态思想,本文欲从生态学的角度重新解读马克思的唯物实践观,使其丰富和发展,并在此基础上为自然美奠定合理有效的哲学基础——生态实践论。从生态学的角度重新解读马克思的唯物实践观并不是马克思主义的生态化,也不是生态化的马克思主义,而是马克思的唯物实践观本身就包含着一定的生态学的思想,只不过由于时代的原因我们没有更多的关注,直到现在学界才开始发掘其中的生态学思想。最后,在生态实践论视野下对实践美学自然美论的发展。在这里面要对自然美与生态美进行系统地比较和阐释。在自然美与生态美中我们可以确定的是自然美虽然与生态美属于不同的范畴,但是在一定意义上来讲,生态美是自然美的本质属性。在自然美与实践中,自然美的产生离不开实践,但是自然美的产生不定是实践活动作用下的直接结果。与此同时,自然美的产生也离不开自然事物的物质属性,因为它是自然美之所以是自然美的物质条件。在这些自然美的产生的基础和条件下,我们界定自然美一定要在三个维度上来进行探讨：一是坚持马克思的唯物实践观为基础；二是自然美之所以是自然美的物质属性；三是对自然生命本质的认同。更多还原

【Abstract】 The natural beauty is a "dangerous area" in the aesthetic theory. In aesthetic history, many aesthetes discussed it and formed some original ideas, but they can’t give us a perfect explanation because of the diversity of the natural beauty. At the same time, various genres exposed its fatal flaw at beauty of the nature and became a road-block in the road of aesthetic development.This paper, bases on the natural beauty of practical aesthetics, and wants to reflect and develop it. For the natural beauty of practical aesthetics, it exists two fatal weaknesses. First, it can’t explain the natural beauty without human perfectly; second, in the rise in ecological aesthetics, whether or not human labor can produce beauty, especially the natural beauty. Although There are many shortcomings of its own, but it can not quit the stage of history. It should keep opening, and absorbs others’ reasonable points about natural beauty, enrich and develop itself.First, I want to summarize the theory of natural beauty of practical aesthetics, and find that how we can develop the theory of natural beauty base on this.Second, for the development of the philosophy foundation of the practical aesthetics about natural beauty. Practical Aesthetics uses Marxist materialism as a base for its philosophical foundation considers that natural beauty originates from "the humanization of nature". It emphasize natural beauty comes from human labor, and insist on’"Anthropocentrism", but, we ignore the ideas of ecology. I want to re-interpret the Marxism’s materialist from the ecological point, enriching and developing itself, and use it as a reasonable philosophical foundation. Neither Ecological Marxism nor Marxism ecology is coming from re-interpretation of Marxism’s materialist. In fact, Marxist materialism itself contains certain ecological ideas, just because of times we have no more attention, until the emergence of ecology.Finally, the development of natural beauty on practical aesthetics in view of the Ecological Practice. In this passage, I compare and explain natural beauty and ecological beauty. Natural beauty and ecological beauty belong to different aesthetic categories; ecological beauty is the essential attribute of natural beauty in a certain sense. Natural beauty depends on human labor, but its production is not direct result of human labor. At the same time, production of natural beauty is also inseparable from the physical properties of nature, because that it is the material condition that natural beauty is natural beauty. On the basis of the natural beauty’creation and natural conditions, we define natural beauty in three dimensions, one, we should insist on Marxist materialistic; two, the physical properties of nature that natural beauty is natural beauty; three, Recognition of the natural essence of life.更多还原