【作者】 张洪村；

【导师】 吴宛青；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 轮机工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 当前能源危机和全球变暖趋势加剧,航运业温室气体排放受到越来越多的关注,国际上对船舶节能减排技术展开了深入研究。目前船舶节能减排方案基本可以概括为三个类别,即技术性方案、管理性方案和基于市场的减排措施,其中技术性方案旨在改善船队的设计效率,管理性方案旨在改善团队的营运效率,而基于市场的减排措施目的在于通过经济效益杠杆控制船舶CO2排放量。首先,本文针对现有船舶普遍采取减速航行、降低能耗的现状,对螺旋桨切割进行了精确计算,螺旋桨等功率切割后,转速增加,敞水效率和航速下降,但转速增加幅度大于航速降低幅度,即转速增加量对切割量更加敏感,这对提高切割后船舶的经济性是有利的。计算得出的螺旋桨切割量和转速、效率、航速变化量之间的关系,为今后螺旋桨切割提供了依据。然后,根据螺旋桨切割后主机运行状态,利用AVL BOOST软件对MAN B & W 5S60MC主机建立模型,模拟计算螺旋桨切割前后主机25%,50%,75%和85%四个典型负荷下的主要运行参数,计算结果表明,螺旋桨切割可以提高主机转速,使主机润滑和振动性能得到改善,油耗率降低,经济性提高。最后,对螺旋桨切割后的主机进行进一步优化,改变燃烧起始角和持续期,排气阀启闭角和压缩比等参数,对机桨二次匹配工况进行模拟计算,确定主机最优工况点,并对优化后的计算结果与切割前后主机运行参数进行对比研究。结果显示,切割并优化后,油耗率、缸内燃烧温度和排烟温度降低,工作压力升高,功率和扭矩输出能力增加,提高了主机的经济性,动力性和排放性能。本文所取得的成果对降低航运业燃油成本和减少船舶温室气体排放具有深远意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The energy crisis is more and more serious, and the globe is warmer and warmer. So the greenhouse emission from ships is given more concern. There are three sorts of solutions for energy saving and emission reduction. The technical solution aims at improving the design efficiency of the ships, the managing one aims at improving the operation efficiency of the crew, and the emission reduction solution, which based on the market, is to reduce the CO2 emission by the economic lever.Because of the economic crisis, that ships sail in lower speed to reduce the fuel consumption is common. According to the calculation, after cutting the edge of propeller under equal power, the rev is increased, but the open water efficiency and the speed both are decreased. However, the increase of the rev is quicker than the decrease of the speed. It shows that the increase of the rev is more sensitive to the cut of the propeller, which is good for improving the economical efficiency. And the relationship among propeller cut capacity with rev, efficiency and sailing speed is useful for the future propeller cut. Based on the running state of the main engine after cutting, the model of the MAN B&W 5S60MC is established, and the main running parameters under the 25%,50%,75% and 85% load are calculated. The research indicates that cutting the edge of propeller can increase the rev, reduce the oil consumption and improve the economical efficiency. In addition, the capability of lubrication and vibration are both improved after cutting. The combustion start angle, the duration of the combustion, the open and close angle of the discharge valve, and the compression ratio are optimized after cutting the edge of propeller and calculates again to make sure that the main engine-runs under the best situation. And it compares the running parameters after optimization with the parameters before and after cutting, which shows that oil consumption, combustion temperature and exhaust gas temperature all decrease, but working pressure, power and torque all increase. And the optimization after cutting can improve the economical efficiency, power performance and exhaust behavior.The achievement which is acquired by this paper has profound significance for reducing fuel cost and greenhouse emission from shipping.更多还原