【作者】 段锦丝；

【导师】 李姗泽；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 学前教育学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】基于对《蒙台梭利幼儿教育科学方法》的文本解读

【摘要】 哲学诠释学认为理解是历史性的,文本的意义具有无限可能性。在这种思想指导下,研究者确信本研究在理论上具有可行性。对蒙台梭利游戏思想进行研究,还缘于蒙台梭利教育法及实践活动在中国的蓬勃发展；游戏在儿童生活中的重要性；教育界对蒙台梭利游戏思想解读视角单一化对蒙台梭利游戏思想的健康发展可能造成的危险性。首先,研究者以文本《蒙台梭利幼儿教育科学方法》为研究对象,细读,精读,并做大量笔记,记录译著原文,利用文本解读理论,尝试把文本、作者、读者三方有机联系起来,在尊重作者原意的基础上,分析了她的自然游戏观。自然游戏的最大特点就是充满娱乐性。蒙台梭利认为儿童在这种游戏中会丧失理智。无限制地沉溺于游戏中会使现实与游戏相互对立和冲突,这种对立和冲突会妨碍儿童的健康成长,甚至可能造成许多社会问题。其次,研究者自觉接受当代游戏理论影响,努力尊重文本的客观性和作者的主观性,在文本解读理论指导下,经过思辨分析,认为蒙台梭利的“工作”概念对研究蒙台梭利游戏思想具有特别重要的地位,顺着这样一条线下去,研究者竟然发现蒙台梭利的“工作”与现代游戏思想不期而遇。再次,研究者又从三因素角度对自然游戏与“工作”进行了比较说明。游戏作为一种活动,虽然种类繁多,形式多样,但一定包含以下三个不可或缺的因素：游戏者、游戏对象或内容、游戏程序。当成人试图干扰其中任何一个因素时,都将导致游戏体系及其功能的改变。正是基于对三因素的认识,研究者认为自然游戏之所以是自然的,是因为游戏中没有成人介入,游戏设计者仅仅是游戏者本人；而“工作”是经过成人改造的游戏。最后,研究者分析了蒙台梭利游戏思想存在的两大缺陷：一是高估工作价值,二是低估自然游戏作用。这种缺陷导致了大多数解读者或者认为蒙氏无游戏思想,或是简单地把其理解为“主张工作,反对游戏”。虽然蒙台梭利本人在主观上,自觉地、刻意地分裂“工作”与游戏,但正是由于她的这种做法,反而彰显了对游戏“改造”的重要性和必要性,同时也提醒了现代游戏在“改造”游戏的过程中一定要操之有度,不能过度“改造”。蒙台梭利游戏思想的缺陷并不能掩盖它具有的价值。蒙台梭利游戏思想预示着游戏本质观的嬗变,同时也成全了现代游戏在游戏思想史上的学术地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Philosophical hermeneutics think Understanding is historic and the meaning of Text is full of unlimited possibilities. In this thought, the researcher believes the study is theoretically feasible. Why we study Montessori’game thought? First, in china, Montessori education law and practice is blooming. Second, children game plays an important role in their life.Third, thoughts based on the single perspective mean the danger of the healthy development of Montessori’s thought.First, the researcher takes the text "Montessori pre-school education scientific method" as the study object, reads it carefully. Then, does a lot of notes, records the original text, uses the theory of text interpretation to try to link the text, author and researcher. At the base of author’s original meaning, traces author’s own view about the game and analysis the view of her natural game thought. The largest natural feature of the game is full of entertainment. Montessori thinks children will lose the game in this sense.Unlimited game will indulge in the confrontation between reality and games, and conflict, confrontation and conflict that will impede the healthy development of children and may even cause many social problems.Next, the researcher accepts the view of modern game theory, try to respect author’objectivity and researcher’subjectivity, tries to apply Text Interpretation Theory to interpretate Montessori’s game thought. Through the speculative analysis, the researcher considers that the concept of "wok" of Montessori have an important part in the research of Montessori’s game thought under the guidance of text interpretation theory. Ultimately, the researcher even finds that Montessori’s "work" meet modern game thought by chance.Thirdly, from the perspective of the three factors, researcher discusses between natural game and "work".As an activity, game also contains three essential elements:subject,object and means. When adults try to interfere with any one factor which will lead to changes in the game system and its functions. It is based on the understanding of three factors, the researcher believes the reason is the nature of natural game because the game is a game designer himself; and "work" is the result of adult transformation of the game.Finally, there are two major drawbacks in Montessori’s game thought. First, over-estimated value of work, and second, underestimating the role of natural game. This deficiency has led to most of the interpreters or that Montessori ideology-free game, or simply understood as "ideas to work against the game".Montessori deliberately splits "work" and the game, but her approach demonstrates the game "reform"is important and necessary, and also to remind the modern game that it can not be over "reform".The shortcomings of Montessori’s game thought can not cover up the shortcomings of its value. Montessori’s game thought indicates evolution of the idea. Montessori’s game thought establishes the status of Modern game thought in the intellectual history.更多还原