取消农业税后深化乡镇政府改革的探讨

【作者】 谢义飞；

【导师】 龚晓宽；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 行政管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 取消农业税后,乡镇政府职能转变迟滞,集体陷入“无为”状态,面对农村出现的新情况、新问题出现了治理危机,严重影响到了乡镇政府存在的合法性。然而现实中的乡镇政府一直是国家和政府联系广大人民群众的桥梁和纽带,它上承国家,下接农民,在中国行政体系中占据着极其重要的地位。乡镇政府的存在是基于其有效性,乡镇政府职能发挥的优劣,事关农村经济与社会的持续发展,事关农村能否实现社会稳定。故探讨取消农业税后乡镇政府的改革,使农村上层建筑更加适应生产力发展的需要,使乡镇政府职能实现从管治到服务的转型,这是一个值得深入研究的现实课题。从历史和现实的角度审视,当前的乡镇政府具有不可替代的作用和功能,取消农业税后,乡镇政府存在的诸多问题凸显出来,加上对新产生问题的“无为”,导致其行政有效性受到严重影响,因此乡镇政府必须改革。笔者首先简单梳理了国内外乡镇政府改革的理论与实践;其次对当前的乡镇政府现状及面临的新问题进行认识;然后对乡镇政府改革的必要性、可行性及综合性进行分析,继而在综合阐述当前乡镇政府改革思路、原则、步骤的基础上,提出乡镇政府改革的对策建议。论文通过既有理论与实践的学习研究,同时结合四个乡镇简单的走访调查素材,在下述两个方面取得了一定创新。一是源于组织理论的启发,用“外部环境——人的因素——内部因素”的分析框架来分析取消农业税后的乡镇政府改革,用更广阔的视域来“剖视”乡镇政府,从而使对策建议更具理论支持。二是在分析取消农业税后乡镇政府在转型进程中,强调乡镇政府的职能是一个“职能减少——职能模糊(停滞)——职能增加”的过程,这对认识乡镇政府职能定位、转型及改革的渐进性具有积极意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the abolition of agricultural tax, the transformation of the functions of township government is sluggish, and they commonly fall into inactivity; the new situations and questions appearing in the countryside caused government operation crisis, and seriously affected the existing validity of the township government. However, township government in reality is always the bridge between the government and the people, and occupys an extremely important status in the state’s administration system. The existence of township government bases on its validity, Therefore it is worthy studing on the township government’s reform after the canceling of the agricultural tax, which makes overtop structure of the countryside meet the development of the productivity need better, and help realizing transformation of township government’s functions from govern to service.Based on the historical and practical consideration, current township governments are of irreplaceable functions. Many problems existing in township governments have arisen after the cancellation of the agricultural tex. In addition to the inaction to new problems, this causes a serious influence to its administrative validity. For the sake of this, township governments must be reformed.Firstly, the author combs the theories and practice of the domestic and foreign township governments’ reformation in a capsule, and is aware of the present situation and the newly facing questions of township governments. Then, the author analyses the necessity, the feasibility and the synthesis of their reformation. Subsequently, based upon the synthesis elaboration of the train of thoughts, the principles, the steps, the author proposes the some countermeasure suggestions for the problem.Through the study and research on the theories and the practices that already exist, simultaneously unifying the ordinary visiting and investigating materials from four villages and towns, this paper has made certain innovation in the following two aspects. In the first place, this thesis gets from the inspiration of the "organization theory’", following the frame of "external environment—human factors—internal factors". The paper analyzes the township governments’ reformation after the abolition of agricultural tax with a broader sight. Thus, there emerges the countermeasures which are theory-supportable. Afterwards, this thesis emphasizes that the functions of the township governments are the process of "function reducing-- function blurring(stagnation)-- function increasing" in the procedure of transition after the cancellation of agricultural tax, which has the positive senses to get to know the township governments’ function positioning, transition and the gradual reformation.更多还原