沉积型硅钙质磷矿石脱硅浮选试验研究

【作者】 常浩；

【导师】 刘志红；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对贵州某地区沉积型硅钙质磷矿石按实际生产中各矿体及顶、底板可能配入的比例配成的混合矿样中SiO₂含量较高的特点,对该地区磷矿进行了反浮选试验,并通过红外分析方法研究了浮选药剂与矿物作用的机理。通过X射线衍射、化学分析、扫描电镜等测试手段对配成的混合矿样进行了矿物学研究。X射线衍射结果表明:磷酸盐矿物中以胶磷矿为主、碳酸盐矿物主要以白云石为主、氧化物中以石英为主。硅钙质共生矿物以白云石[CaO·MgO·（CO₂）₂]及方解石[CaCO₃]形态存在,而酸不容物SiO₂及Al₂O₃等则以钙长石[CaAlSiO₈]等形态存在,Fe₂O₃主要以半生矿物的形态存在。混合矿样化学分析结果为:试样中目的矿物P₂O₅含量为25.7%。脉石矿物含量:SiO₂14.90%、Al₂O₃3.37%、Fe₂O₃1.53%、MgO2.78%。扫描电镜结果表明:胶磷矿是该矿石中主要的矿物,其他矿物有白云石、石英、粘土类矿物等。胶磷矿主要呈胶态结构产出,其次可见微晶、超微晶集合体和生物碎屑等结构产出,其嵌布粒度较粗,细粒、微细粒粘土类矿物与胶磷矿相互胶结共生;同时也可见石英和黄铁矿等呈细粒、微细粒包裹体分散在胶磷矿中。在实验室研究试验阶段,采用反浮选工艺流程脱硅,通过单因素试验和正交试验等确定了合理的药剂制度,在磨矿细度为-200目占87.43%的条件下,经过“两次粗选、一次精选、一次扫选”的试验流程,取得了较满意的选矿指标。最终浮选试验结果表明:对于含P₂O₅25.70%,SiO₂14.78%的原矿,经过反浮选,所得精矿P₂O₅品位31.54%,回收率86.76%,SiO₂品位11.85%,Fe₂O₃品位1.34%,Al₂O₃品位1.31%,数据表明SiO₂含量降低,且Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃、MgO的含量也能显著的降低。通过经济核算,生产1吨磷精矿的药剂成本约为26.18元,这在经济上是合理可行的。根据矿物红外特征光谱图,在尾矿红外光谱图和精矿红外图谱图中可看出在1454.66cm^-1和881.29cm^-1吸收峰左右,为碳酸盐类和硅酸盐类吸收带,且吸收带峰值都在减少。说明碳酸盐与硅酸盐类矿物都在不同程度的被浮选出来。可知WLZ、KY-01、KY-02在脉石矿上的吸附是存在的;磷的吸收峰变化较小,说明药剂对磷矿的吸附量较小,由此推断捕收剂在石英表面上的吸附是存在的,且吸附量相对较大,才得以将磷灰石和脉石分离。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the test samples of marine sedimentary silicon -calcium phosphorit of Guizhou was mixes according to a certain proportion. Base on the mixed- samples with the high content of SiO₂, the reverse -flotation tests was carried out, and the mechanism of effect between flotation medicine and mineral was studied with the method of infrared.The mineralogy of the mixed-mine samples was studied by means of X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and so on. The consequence of X-ray diffraction indicate: the majority of phosphate is collophanite, the majority of carbonate minerals is dolomite, the majority of oxide is quartz. The silicon-calcium main mineral form is dolomite and calcite, and the acid insoluble SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ is present as the form of anorthite [CaAlSiO₈], Fe₂O₃ is present as the form of associated mineral. The consequence of chemical analysis of mixed samples indicate: the P₂O₅ content is 25.7% in the sample, and SiO₂ account for 1.4.90%, Al₂O₃ account for 3.37%, Fe₂O₃ account for 1.53%, MgO account for 2.78%. The result of scanning electron microscopy showed that the majority mineral of phosphate is collophanite, the other mineral is dolomite、quartz、clay mineral and so on. The most form output of collophanite has colloidal structure, the else form output is visible microcrystalline、ultracrystallite aggregate with organic clastic, and all being present as coarse grain and the micro-fine-grained clay minerals embedded in, simultaneously the visible fine-grained, micro-fine-grained minerals such as quartz and pyrite are dispersed in.In the laboratory research, the reverse-flotation process was introduced to desiliconization, a rational flotation dosage was determined through the single factor and two factors flotation tests, the satisfying indicator of mineral separation is obtain, after the test process of two-stages roughing, single-stage cleaning and single scavenging under the conditions of the grinding fineness -0.074mm account for 87.43%. the results of final flotation test show that: for the raw ore in which the P₂O₅ account for 25.70%, the SiO₂ account for 14.78%, after the reverse-flotation processing, the concentrate obtains P₂O₅ 31.54% with a recovery of 86.76%, and the content of SiO₂ is 11.85%, Fe₂O₃ is 1.34%, Al₂O₃ is 1.31%, the data indicate that the content of SiO₂ was reduced and the content of Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, MgO was significantly reduced too. Through the economic accounting, a ton of phosphorus concentrate of reagent cost about 26.18 yuan, it is reasonable and feasible in economy to produce.According to the characteristics of the infrared spectra of minerals,from the infrared spectrum graph of tailings and concentrates we can see that around the absorption peak of the figure 1454.66cm^-1 and 881.29 cm^-1 is the absorption band of the category for carbonate and silicate, and the absorption peak are decline at the absorption band. That explain the carbonate and silicate of minerals has been flotation, to different degrees. It is shows that there is adsorption WLZ, KY-01, KY-02 with gangue minerals; the absorption peak of Pare changes smaller, as indicates the pharmaceutical adsorption capacity of phosphate are smaller. It is shows that there is the adsorption of the surface of quartz , and the adsorption capacity is relatively large that the apatite and gangue was able to be separated.更多还原