【作者】 廖俊俊；

【导师】 王强； 蒋德安；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 加拿大一枝黄花（Solidago canadensis L.）是菊科一枝黄花属多年生草本植物,原产北美,1935年作为庭园花卉从日本引种栽培于我国上海、南京一带,20世纪80年代扩散蔓延成杂草。加拿大一枝黄花的入侵已引起本地绿化灌木成片死亡,严重影响农作物产量和质量,作者试图从植物间的化感作用这一角度去解释和阐明加拿大一枝黄花的成功入侵。文中分析了加拿大一枝黄花水提取液、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取相和剩余水相对测试种小麦（Triticum aestivum）、共生杂草狗尾草（Setaria viridis）和自身种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。以种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数作为种子萌发参数,以胚根、胚芽长度和实生苗干湿重的变化作为幼苗生长参数。研究结果表明:加拿大一枝黄花叶水提取液对三种植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长有显著的影响,其中正丁醇萃取物化感作用最强,剩余水相与对照相比差异不显著;0.5 mg·ml^-1正丁醇萃取物能显著抑制自身花种子萌发,5mg·ml^-1显著抑制幼苗生长;1.5 mg·ml^-1正丁醇萃取物显著抑制小麦萌发和幼苗生长,5 mg·ml^-1显著抑制狗尾草种子萌发和幼苗生长;加拿大一枝黄花叶所含化感物质主要在正丁醇萃取相中,自身种子萌发和幼苗生长对提取物浓度变化最为敏感,共生杂草幼苗对提取物浓度变化敏感性最弱,小麦种子萌发对提取物浓度变化敏感性最弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solidago canadensis, a long-lived perennial plant native to North America, was initially introduced as an ornamental plant to Shanghai in 1935.It then escaped into the wild and is now spreading rapidly in China, especially in eastern China. The invasion of Solidago canadensis has caused the death of local bush, seriously affecting crop yield and quality. To clarify the success of S. canadensis invasion by analysing allelopathy, biological assays were carried out for the effects of the raw aqueous extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, n-butanol extraction extracts and the water remainder, from S. canadensis leaves on the germination and seedling growth of wheat （Triticum aestivum）, Setaria （Setaria viridis） and S. canadensis itself. We tested the four organic fractions to impair germination percentage /rate, vigor, radicle and plumule elongation, and fresh and dry weight kinetics of seedlings. Results are as follows: strong allelopathy did exist in interspecific interactions of S. Canadensis. Among those n-butanol extracts showed the strongest allelopathic effect. The phase of water remainder displayed no significant difference compared to the control treatment. The concentration of 0.5 mg·ml^-1 inhibited the seed germination of S. canadensis and the concentration of 5mg·ml^-1 significantly inhibited itself seedling growth. The concentration of 1.5 mg·ml^-1 n-butanol extract inhibited the germination and seedling growth of wheat. The concentration of 5 mg·ml^-1 n-butanol extracts inhibited the germination and seedling growth of Setaria. The allelochemicals were contained mainly in the n-butanol extracts. The self-seed germination and seedling growth were the most sensitive to changes in concentration, while the weeds seedling showed the weakest sensitivity,and thewheat germination showed the weakeast sensitivity.更多还原