【作者】 刘佳；

【导师】 王继军；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 森林经理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 黄土丘陵区是我国生态脆弱地区之一,在漫长的社会发展过程中,存在着增长型机制的经济系统对自然资源需求的无限性与具有稳定型机制的生态系统对自然资源供给的有限性之间的矛盾,这一矛盾表现在特殊的自然条件和人为不合理的土地利用,使得该区域植被退化,水土流失严重,生态脆弱,严重制约着当地社会经济的发展,因此,缓解矛盾、正确认识生态系统与经济系统的耦合过程,是协调黄土丘陵区生态与经济关系持续、稳定发展的有效途径。本文在深入研究农业生态经济系统耦合过程的基础上,针对黄土丘陵区典型流域-纸坊沟流域近70年生态经济系统耦合过程中存在的问题,以生态学、经济学、生态经济学、系统工程学等理论为指导,运用多学科交叉的集成分析方法,对该流域农业生态经济系统的互动关系、耦合驱动力及其耦合模型的建立、耦合态势等进行了分析,并探讨了黄土丘陵区农业生态经济系统良性耦合的对策。主要结论如下:(1)应用生态足迹和生态系统服务价值模型相结合的分析方法,研究了在特定时空尺度下,生态系统为人类提供的服务价值和经济系统对生态系统的作用过程和强度。根据分析结果,纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统的互动关系表现为“生态恶化——生态、经济相互调节、适应——生态、经济良性互动”的过程。(2)采用主成分分析方法,分别探讨纸坊沟流域农业生态系统和经济系统的耦合驱动力,结果表明:社会经济条件是其耦合的主要驱动力,生态环境是影响黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统耦合的基础,具体可归纳为人为-经济发展驱动、自然-生态环境驱动、社会-人口压力驱动、政策-产业结构调整驱动这四类因子。(3)建立了生态环境与社会经济综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法,确定了指标权重;通过建立耦合模型,对该研究流域近70年的耦合态势进行了分析,得出:目前纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统的耦合态势处于协调发展阶段,它经历了经济系统对生态系统初级萌发阶段-掠取时期-促进时期-协调阶段,相对应的生态系统对经济系统初级响应阶段-滞后时期-恢复时期-协调阶段的耦合过程。(4)通过制定农业生态经济系统耦合类型分类表,参考耦合度的拟合曲线趋势,得出:目前纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统仍互相不断的协调耦合,已初步进入良性耦合状态。(5)参照纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统耦合态势演变及其驱动过程,集成、分析了黄土丘陵区农业生态经济系统良性耦合的策略:结合区域生态要求,加强资源产业耦合,培育后续产业;加强区域互动合作;积极发挥农牧耦合的最大效益;建立长效机制,继续推进退耕还林工程;构建合理完善的制度保障体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Loess hilly region is one of China’s ecologically fragile areas. During the long development of the society, there is the contradiction between the growth mechanism of natural resources of the economic system of unlimited demand and the stable ecosystem-based mechanisms of the limited supply of natural resources. This contradiction is the special natural conditions and human land use unreasonable, degradation of vegetation in the region, serious soil and water loss, ecological fragile, seriously restricted the development of local socio-economic.Therefore, alleviates the contradiction, understood correctly the ecosystem and economic system’s coupling process, is coordinated the loess rolling country ecology and the economic relationships continually, the steady progression efficient path. Alleviate the contradictions, a correct understanding of the ecological system and economic system of the coupling process, is to coordinate the loess hilly region the relationship between the environment and the economy continued and stable development of an effective way.In the basic of study on the coupling process of agricultural eco-economic system, according to the problems with coupling process of agricultural eco-economic system of which have existed for 70 years in Zhifanggou watershed ,which is the typical watershed of loess hilly region, directed by the the theory of ecology, economic, ecolonomics and system engineering, by the integration analysis the mutual relationship, coupling driving force , the coupling model and trend of the coupling process of agricultural eco-economic system were analyzed, and the strategies of benign coupling were discussed. Main results are as follows.(1)Application of ecological footprint and the value of ecosystem services model that combines analytical methods to study in a specific the spatial and temporal scales ecosystem services for human values and economic system the role of ecosystem processes and intensity. According to the analysis results, Zhifanggou watershed agricultural eco-economic system of the interaction shown as the "ecological degradation-ecological, economic mutual adjustment, adaptation-ecological, economic positive interaction" process. (2)Using principal component analysis, respectively Zhifanggou watershed agro-ecosystem and economic system of the coupling driving force, results show that: the socio-economic conditions is the main driving force coupling, affecting the ecological environment in Loess Hilly Region Zhifanggou watershed the basis of agro-ecological the economic system coupling, Specific induction man-made-economic development driving, naturally-the ecological environment driving, community-driven by population pressure, policies-industrial restructuring drive these four factors.(3)The establishment of the ecological environment and socio-economic comprehensive evaluation index system, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the index weight; by establishing the coupling model and analyzing the study of coupling situation in this watershed at the nearly 70 years, it can be found: the coupling situation of agricultural eco-economic system in Zhifanggou watershed is now in the stage of coordinate development, it has gone through an economic system to ecosystem of initial germination stage- predatory period-promoting period-coordinated stage, corresponding to the coupling process of ecosystem to economic system of primary response stage-lag period-recovery period- coordination stage.(4)Through the development of agro-ecological economic system coupling type classification, with reference to the coupling degree of the trend curve that currently Zhifanggou watershed agro-ecological economic system is still continuing the coordination of mutual coupling, has been initially entered a state of good coupling.(5)Making reference to the coupling evolution and driven process about the agricultural ecological economic system at Zhifanggou watershed, and analyzing the optimum coupling strategy of the loess hilly-gully region agricultural ecological economic system: combined with the regional ecological requirements, strengthen resources industries coupled, cultivated subsequent industries; strengthen regional interactive and cooperation; maximized the coupled effectiveness between agriculture and animal husbandry; established long-effect mechanism, promoted reforestation project continually; reasonable built a comprehensive security system.更多还原