【作者】 李维；

【导师】 崔颖波；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 体育人文社会学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用观察法、访谈法、问卷调查法,对焦作市自发性群众体育活动组织的形成、维持、发展进行研究,揭示自发性群众体育活动组织形成、维持、发展的一般规律,为进一步推进我国大众体育的发展提供对策研究依据。本研究对焦作市自发性群众体育活动组织的发展演进、现状特征与存在的问题进行了较为系统全面的研究。研究结果发现:焦作市自发性群众体育活动组织的形成需具备较高运动技能并热心于服务大众的个体或小群体、具备强烈体育需求的人群、合适的场地。另外,附近已存在组织的示范作用也能促进自发性群众体育组织的形成。人们选择自发性群众体育组织主要依据离家的远近、朋友的建议和指导者的名气,适合自己的健身项目和较好的场地也占了较高比重。成员能够长期坚持参加组织活动的内在动力主要是体育健身需求能不断得到满足,外在动力则是成员间良好的人际关系和相近的年龄群体。可能导致组织成员离开体育健身组织的主要因素是自身惰性、疾病、交通不变和生活负担加重,组织可以通过营造良好的健身氛围和人际关系帮助成员克服自身惰性。自发性群众体育活动组织的活动场地一般以公园、广场等开阔的公共场所为主,场地附近一般交通比较便利、有早市和菜场,活动地面要平整,旁边还要有公共厕所和固定电源。焦作市自发性群众体育活动组织普遍存在的问题主要有场地、用电得不到保障,组织活动经费较少且征收困难限制了更多活动的开展。研究结果显示,外部环境对自发性群众体育活动组织影响是:全民健身网络组织建设为全市群众体育工作开展提供了组织保证;群众体育设施健身为自发性群众体育组织活动的开展提供了物质保障;焦作市“五个百万”人群体育健身活动、“全民健身周”活动以及各类群众性体育竞赛活动的持续开展保障了焦作市自发性群众体育活动组织发展的可持续性;焦作市大力推广太极拳运动与人口老龄化、医疗制度改革等为焦作市自发性群众体育组织形成与发展提供了人力资源保障。影响自发性群众体育活动组织形成的因素是:社会成员体育需求的增长与政府、市场所提供的体育服务不足之间的矛盾;指导者对其他健身个体的积极影响;可供健身个体使用的空地趋向集中。影响自发性群众体育活动组织维持的因素是:自发性体育组织自身结构、组织成员间的同质性、组织的共同活动、组织成员间的人际关系和组织对个体锻炼者的吸引。影响自发性群众体育活动组织发展的因素是:各类比赛、表演活动以及项目协会的监督;组织成员现有社会认同水平与期望达到的社会认同水平之间的矛盾;社会相关制度改革、政府对社会文化生活导向、社会突发事件、社会人口结构变化等。活动场地丧失、组织者核心成员的离开不利于自发性群众体育活动组织的维持、发展。本研究提出如下建议:制定法规保障组织活动用地、多方筹集组织活动资金、建立成熟的组织管理核心、加强对自发性群众体育活动组织的调研工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, spontaneous formation of mass sports activities, maintenance, development of the mechanism in Jiaozuo City revealed the formation of spontaneous sports organizations, maintenance, development and demise of the general rules of our country ,in order to provide countermeasures basis for further promoting the development of mass sports.In the course of the study, first of all, spontaneous development of mass sports activities organized by the evolution of characteristics and the existence of the status in Jiaozuo City .The following messages will be found through the discussion of this issue : The spontaneous formation of mass sports organizations in Jiaozuo City need to posess higher skills and individual or small groups with sports devotion to serve the public , strong demand for PE ,and suitable venues. Another nearby exemplary organizations which has been in existence can also promote spontaneous formation of mass sports organization. The masses of people spontaneously select sports organization mainly based on the distance from home, friend’s advice and the well-known guidance ,their suitable fitness programs ,better venues also account for a relatively high proportion. The reason members can take part in long-term activities of the Organization is mainly because that the the intrinsic power , continuous needs of PE fitness are met, the external power is good interpersonal relations among members, and similar age groups. The main factors lead to members leaving the Sports Fitness Organize are their inert, disease, poor transport facilities and an increase in living expenses, organizations can create a good atmosphere and interpersonal fitness to assist members to overcome their own inertia. Spontaneous mass sports activities organized in the general venue to park, plaza and other open public places, are mainly hold near the venue to facilitate general traffic, and there are morning markets, the activities of the ground to formation.There are also nearby public toilet and fixed power supply. In Jiaozuo City, the common problem of spontaneous mass sports organization is the space, electricity are not guaranteed, and the outlay of organizational activities restrict the number and the quality of the activities ,meanwhile difficult in collecting.At the basis of the above analysis, the overview of the development of mass sports in Jiaozuo City can be explored . Deem: the building of the National Fitness Network Organization providing assurance for the city’s job in carrying out mass sports organization ; Mass sports fitness facilities provided the material guarantee for the spontaneous mass sports organization activities ; Jiaozuo City "five million" crowd Fitness Sport Events, National Fitness Week activities, as well as various types of mass sporting events which are being continuously carried out can ensure the Jiaozuo’s sustainability of spontaneous mass sports organizations ; Jiaozuo Taijiquan ,and aging of the population, the reform of the medical systemwould provide human resources and support for spontaneous mass formation and development of sports organizations of Jiaozuo City . The influencing factors of spontaneous formation of mass sports activities are: the contradictions between the increasing sports demand and the inadequate sports services of government; the positive impact of the guide to other individuals on fitness; the open space for individual fitness tend to focus on. The influencing factors of voluntary sports organizations to maintain the masses of the factors are: the attraction from the structure of spontaneous self-sports organizations, organizational homogeneity among the members, organization of common activities,interpersonal relationships between members and organizations.The influencing factor of voluntary organizations, the development of mass sports activities are: the supervision of all kinds of competitions, performances, and project of the Association; the contradiction of the existing level of social identity and aspirations to achieve between members of the different level; community related to institutional reforms, the Government social and cultural life-oriented, community emergencies, socio-demographic structural changes,etc. The loss of venues, the organizers of the departure of core members is not conducive to spontaneous mass sports organizations to maintain and develop.This study recommends the following: multi-organizational activities to raise funds, the establishment of a mature organization and management of the core, spontaneous mass sports activities to strengthen the research organization.更多还原