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电子废弃物管理中的行政许可制度研究
【作者】 高明阳；
【导师】 胡林龙；
【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 近年来,我国电子废弃物的产生量一直呈现大幅度上涨的趋势。未来几年内,我国电子废弃物的数量还将达到一个新的高度。科学合理的处置电子废弃物以及有效的解决由此引发的环境资源问题将成为制约我国经济社会发展的重要问题。电子废弃物管理的核心问题还是其回收处置问题。目前我国电子废弃物的管理在坚持“源头治理、立法先行”的基础上已经构建了相对完善的法律体系,但是仍然存在着严重的问题:回收体系混乱无序,回收利用的主体和责任不明确;相关配套管理制度缺失;回收效率低下,资源浪费;环境污染日益严重等。可以说,在现有的法律体系中,行政许可的缺失直接导致了电子废弃物回收利用的主体和责任不明确,回收体系的混乱无序。而现有的事实上的许可事项,因为缺乏质量数据,信息渠道不畅等原因,导致了相关配套管理制度的缺失和现有的监管体制不能实现有效的监管。论文分为三个主要部分:第一部分是对电子废弃物管理中的行政许可的概述,并介绍了我国电子废弃物管理中行政许可制度的历史发展;第二部分介绍了西方主要国家的电子废弃物管理中行政许可制度的具体做法以及它们对我国的启示;第三部分是对我国电子废弃物管理中行政许可制度的完善:实体上,完善电子废弃物管理中的拆解、利用、处置单位的行政准入制度以及我国电子信息产品的进口许可制度,推动行业组织的发展和建立行业许可制度;程序上,建立预防性诉讼制度和有效的信息披露机制。目前,我国对电子废弃物管理的行政许可制度方面的研究较少,也没有形成统一的观点。行政许可制度的运用对于充分发挥我国现有法规的作用,改变电子废弃物回收处置的现状将有重大的意义。论文认为应该尽快完善我国电子废弃物管理中的行政许可制度。论文的创新之处在于,在我国电子废弃物管理的行政许可制度中引入市场机制,以减少行政许可本身的单方命令性、高强制性可能产生的弊端。建立起政府和电子废弃物处置单位之间的良性互动。行业许可的方式逐渐替代行政权力介入实施许可的方式是行政许可制度发展的总体趋势之一。论文的创新之处还在于,在电子废弃物管理中,应该积极推动行业组织和行业许可制度的发展。
【Abstract】 In recent years, the generation of the e-waste has been showing a significantly upward trend in our country. Within the next few years, the quantity of e-waste will reach a new height. Scientifically and rationally dispose of e-waste and effectively solve the environmental resources problems will be important issues restricting the economic and social development in our country. The core issue of e-waste management is the recycling and disposing problem. At present, under the concept of the source governance and making way for the legislation, our country has built a relatively sound legal system. However, there are still serious problems existing in the field of e-waste management, such as, the e-waste recycling system is out of order; the subject and the responsibilities are not clear in recycling; the lack of support management systems; the recovery efficiency is low and waste of resources; the increasingly serious environmental pollution. The lack of administrative licensing system is the direct cause for the above problems. The lack of quality data and the poor channels of information have led to the lack of support management systems. Then the existing regulatory regime can not run effectively.The paper is divided into three main parts: the first part is about the administrative licensing system in the management of e-waste and the introduction of its historical development in our country; the second part introduces the practice in the management of e-waste of the main western countries and their enlightenment to our country; the third part is to improve the administrative licensing system in e-waste management in our country: in entity, to improve the administrative admittance system of the units in the management of e-waste, to improve the electronic information products import licensing system, and to promote the development of the industry and trade license system; in program, to establish preventive action system and establish an effective mechanism of information disclosure.At present, the study to administrative licensing system in e-waste management is little, neither is the unified point of view. The administrative licensing system can make the existing laws and regulations run and have great significance to change the status of disposal of e-waste.The one innovation of the paper is the introduction of market mechanisms to the administrative licensing system in our country’s e-waste management, which can reduce the disadvantages of administrative licensing system and establish positive interaction between the government and the units. And the other is that, in qualifications permission aspect, business license instead of the administrative license is the general trend. We should promote the industry organizations and the licensing system positively.