【作者】 张志华；

【导师】 孔令成；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 人类在多年冻土区修筑铁路已有100多年的历史,但由于冻土这种土体介质对温度的敏感性,冻胀、融沉等病害始终影响着冻土区铁路的正常运行。因此,对冻土区铁路工程进行长期、全面、系统的观测,及时发现隐患,显得尤为重要。目前,已经有许多种基于不同原理的传统的和新型的监测方法。但是,现有的监测方法往往还存在不少问题。无线传感器网络综合了传感技术、MEMS技术、无线通信技术和分布式信息处理技术等,具有自组织性、容错性、快速展开性等特性,以数据采集和数据管理为中心,在军事国防、工农业控制、城市管理、环境监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。为了给冻土区铁路安全监测提供一个新的解决方法,本文将无线传感器网络应用于青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测中。在对青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测的实际需求做了系统分析后,结合项目实际,选取了路基地温为主要监测内容,设计制作了信息节点Snows Elf_S、通信节点Snows Elf_C和测试节点Snows Elf_T等Snows Elf系列三种节点,详细描述了处理器&通信模块、传感器模块、能量供应模块、人机交互模块等四大模块的软硬件设计过程,并提供了各模块的原理图、PCB图、实物图和软件流程图。最后,设计并完成了节点的环境适应性实验和模拟现场测温实验,初步验证了Snows Elf系列节点在青藏铁路冻土路基安全监测中的实用性。本文的研究得到了安徽省自然科学基金项目的资助,项目编号070412037。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been over 100 years since people began to construct railroads upon permafrost regions all over the world. Because of the sensitivity of the frozen soil to temperature, diseases, such as frost-heaving and thawing-settlement, are always affecting the daily operation of the railways in permafrost areas. Thus it has great importance to carry out long-term, systematic and overall safety monitoring of the subgrade to find and resolve the hidden troubles timely. There exist many monitoring methods and systems, traditional or modern, based on different theories. However, in most cases, satisfactory results are not easy to get, because of the inherent deficiencies of the existing monitoring systems.Because of their characteristics of self organization, fault tolerance, rapid deployment, automatic mobile localization, etc. wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as a result of the technical combination of sensors, MENS, wireless communication and distributed signal processing, centralizing in data acquisition and data management, have found their way into a wide variety of applications and systems, such as military defense, industrial and agricultural control, urban management, environmental monitoring, etc., with vastly varying requirements and characteristics recently.To provide a new method for the subgrade safety monitoring of railroads in permafrost areas, WSNs, in this dissertation, are applied to monitor the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade. After an overall study of the actual demand of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade safety monitoring, temperature was determined as the major monitoring parameter. A series of wireless sensor nodes is developed, named as Snows Elf, consisting of three sub-kinds named as Snows Elf_S, Snows Elf_C and Snows Elf_T. It is described, in detail, the software and hardware design of the controller&communication, sensors, power supply, and human-computer interaction subsystems of Snows Elf nodes. Besides, the circuit schematic and PCB diagrams, with the program flow charts of these subsystems are provided in this dissertation.Then several experiments are designed and carried out to test the environmental adaptability and the actual temperature monitoring capability of the Snows Elf wireless sensor nodes. The experimental results show that the Snows Elf wireless sensor nodes have great environmental adaptability and the actual temperature monitoring capability. Therefore they can play an important role in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sbugrade safety monitoring.This dissertation is supported by by NSFC of Anhui, China (No. 070412037).更多还原