【作者】 赵丹；

【导师】 刘耳；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目前中国农村环境保护中,农民与农村生态环境的的关系最为密切,他们的环境相关行为在很大程度上影响着农村环境问题的解决和环境保护的实现。本文作者在黑龙江省某市九井乡调研的过程中发现事实确实如此,那么为什么农民会进行破坏环境的行为,如何利用农村社会现有的组织资源来控制农民的环境破坏行为?这构成了本文的研究课题。本研究以实证调查为基础,重点采用了开放的非结构式访谈和非参与观察法,从农民个体理性与集体非理性关系层面,对九井乡的土地、水、化肥农药和生活污染方面的环境问题中,农民行动逻辑与其原因进行了分析。借鉴集体行动理论中走出集体行动困境的相关内容,对农村社会的组织资源进行分析。在上述内容研究的基础上,来探索如何利用农村社会的组织资源使现行的环境制度发挥有效的作用,进而解决农村环境保护中集体行动问题。本文共分为四个部分,第一部分介绍了本文的主要研究内容、研究方法以及研究目的和意义。第二部分是以九井乡土地、水、化肥农药和生活污染这四类的环境问题为例,对农民行动逻辑的表现进行描述,揭示了是农民个体的理性行动导致集体的非理性行为引起或加剧了农村环境问题,并总结出农民行动具有三方面的社会特征。第三部分则是对A、B两村的组织资源进行分析。从农民个体理性行动导致集体非理性行为的影响因素来看,要实现农民环境保护,解决农村的环境问题应该从有效的社会控制层面入手。九井乡可以充分利用其良好的组织资源对农民进行社会控制。良好的组织资源包括政治精英个人魅力型与法理型权威的混合,村委会对村务的有效管理和致密的村民关系网络。虽然目前良好的组织资源在对农民环境破坏行为的进行有效控制方面并没有充分发挥作用,但其为将制度因素引入环境保护和进行有效的社会控制提供了广阔的空间和可能性。第四部分则是从将农民理性嵌入到处理其与环境关系之中,依据选择性激励机制对村干部的工作和农民的环境保护和破坏行为进行控制,充分利用村民关系网这一社会资本对农民的环境破坏行为进行制约等方面提出解决农村环境问题路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Referring to Chinese current rural environmental protection, the famers have the closest relation with the rural ecological environment, so to a large extent the actions taken by them will affect the resolution to the rural environmental problems and environmental protection. Though investigation , the author find that it is actually ture, why do famers damage the environment? How to utilize current authority resource to control fammers’destructive behaviour?Based on the logic of famers’actions in Jiujing town on farmland, water, fertilizers, pesticides and pollution of the living environment issues, this paper takes demonstration investigation to study those environmental problems from the relationship between farmers’individual ration and collective non-ration. Draw on relevant collective action theory on how to step out the plight of collective action, this paper analyzes the organization resources which can influence the farmers’action logic. On this basis , exploring the fully utilized organization resources to make sure that the existing environmental rugulations will play an effective role, which will lead to step out of collective action dilemma in rural environmental protection.The paper contain four aspects as following , firstly, through the gradual study on performances and incentives of farmers in Jiujing town during the process of polluting land, water, fertilizers, pesticides and living environment, it points out that the rational actions of individual farmers lead to the irrational collective behavior, which caused or exacerbated the rural environmental problems. Secondly, considering that the individual rational actions of farmers lead to non-rational collective behaviors, the rural environmental protection should start from the angle of social control. The mixed bureaucracy of charisma and legal authority of political, village committee’s effective management and the close network of villagers have an important impact on farmers’logic of action. As much as the current social control in Jiujing town, it has a good organizational foundation to carry out environmental protection, and it also provides effective social control over the villagers. Thirdly, even though such a good organization foundation does not work effectively in controlling farmers’ environmental destructive behaviour, it provides a broader space for introducing the environmental systm into the social control over the rural environmental protection. Therefore, it urgently needs to take effective approach to make fully use of the existing organization foundation to achieve farmers’collective action in environmental protection. Finally, through embedding farmers’ration when dealing with the relationship of farmers and the environment, basing on selective incentive mechanism to check the work of village cadres in environmental protection and to control farmers’envirionmental destructive action, and making full use of villagers’network, which belongs to the social capital, to control farmers’envirionmental destructive action, this paper proposes some solutions to rural environmental problems.更多还原