【作者】 马晓东；

【导师】 欧阳峰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车作为一种重要的交通工具所带来的严重尾气污染问题逐渐引起重视,利用催化技术来净化汽车尾气,降低其中有害物质的排放以满足人类的环境需求,解决严重的城市空气污染已成为汽车排放控制技术中的重要内容。汽车主要分为汽油车、柴油车和代用燃料车,以汽油车最为普及,但是随着石油资源的短缺,温室效应的加剧,燃油经济性好(比汽油机低30%左右)、温室气体CO2排放少(比汽油机低30%左右)、安全性能高的柴油车逐渐受到重视。由于排放温度低、氧含量高、含有大量的硫和颗粒物质等特点使柴油机尾气净化催化技术远不如汽油车三元催化技术成熟,富氧条件下NOx的选择催化还原以及颗粒物质的催化燃烧再生技术均是催化研究领域的重要课题。本论文主要以小块蜂窝陶瓷模拟整体蜂窝陶瓷进行催化剂的研究,在陶瓷上负载γ-Al2O3作为活性载体,以Cu-Ce-Zr氧化物为催化剂进行NOx与颗粒物同时除去的研究。并在此基础上加入Pd用以催化剂的改性。得出的结论:以20%的铝溶胶负载陶瓷,再以硝酸铈与硝酸锆配比为8:1,硝酸铜占铈锆摩尔比为15%的溶液浸渍得来的催化剂拥有最强的催化活性。其对NOx的还原效率为10%左右,并在低温区间内产生NOx的还原,颗粒物的起燃温度降低了近70℃。该研究同时为柴油车尾气处理的催化剂的生产提供了一定的试验基础和理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with population of increment and economy society of fast development, vehicle population increase continuously. Automobile exhaust pollution has become one of current world’s the most serious environmental pollution problem. It has direct impact to the living environment arriving at human being, blocks sustainable development of economy society.Diesel engines show both carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons outlet concentrations much lower than those produced by spark-ignition engines. However, even the most recent diesel engines generate nitrogen oxides and carcinogenic particulate, whose size falls in the so-called lung-damaging range. The automotive industry is currently facing serious challenges to meet the specific requirements of future regulations concerning both NOx and particulate emissions. Recently the regulations on diesel engine emissions become more and more stringent, especially with respect to NOx and PM. To solve these problems, both the internal combustion techniques and the exhaust after treatment are needed. As a promising process, the simultaneously catalytic removal of NOx and soot was proposed.In this thesis we use small parts of whole honeycomb monolith to imitate the whole ones to study the issues on the simultaneous removal of soots&NOx.γ-Al2O3 as the active loading, Cu-Ce-Zr-O as the catalysts. At the same time, we put Pd in the catalysts to expect the better behavior. We conclude that the catalysts which made by Ce/Zr=8,15% mole rate of Cu(NO3)2 loading with 20% Al2O3 shows the best activity. The catalysts can reduced 10% of NOx all so and reduced 70℃of the burning temperature of the soots.This research also can provide the experimental and theoretical base for the research and application of filter and catalytic devices.更多还原