【作者】 曹鸿龙；

【导师】 封莉；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 城市水资源， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,药物及其代谢产物在水环境中的不断出现引起了各国学者的广泛关注。在美国,已经有24个大城市居民饮用水存在安全隐患,据调查显示,至少有四千一百万人在饮用这些存在安全风险、对人体健康有潜在威胁的水,这些饮用水中含有抗生素、镇静剂、性激素、消炎药、镇痛解热药等多种药物成分。酰胺咪嗪是一种在世界范围内大量应用的抗癫痫类药物。本试验中以酰胺咪嗪作为目标污染物,考察了其在生物处理过程中的去除情况。本文对粉末活性炭在强化MBR去除污水中药物类污染物酰胺咪嗪的效果和机理做了较详细的研究。两个半月的连续试验结果表明,在没有投加粉末活性炭的时候酰胺咪嗪的去除率从最开始的50%降到了0,然而向10L反应器中投加500mg粉末活性炭后,经过一个多月的试验结果表明,酰胺咪嗪的最终去除率稳定在30%-40%左右。为了探讨酰胺咪嗪的去除机理,进行了一些对比试验。结果显示,在投加粉末活性炭之后酰胺咪嗪的去除率提高了24.44%,生物吸附作用和生物降解作用在投加粉末活性炭之后得到明显提高。该试验说明粉末活性炭不但可以吸附酰胺咪嗪,还可以促进微生物对酰胺咪嗪的降解能力。此外,在投加粉末活性炭之后,酰胺咪嗪的泥水分配系数(Kp)由0.0569L/gMLSS提高至0.597L/gMLSS。投加粉末活性炭后对酰胺咪嗪的吸附能力大约提高了33倍。粉末活性炭对酰胺咪嗪的吸附试验结果表明,该吸附过程很好的符合Frendlich和Langmuir吸附等温式。相关系数均高于0.98。Frendlich和Langmuir的吸附平衡常数为Kf=194.4[(mg/g)(L/mg)1/n] , 1/n=0.31 , a=188.68mg/g,b=13.25L/mg。这两条吸附等温线可以被用来近似的计算酰胺咪嗪在粉末活性炭上的理论吸附量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, there has been growing concern about the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in the aquatic environment. In the United States, there were safty problems of drinking water in 24 major cities. According to the research shows that unless then 41 million people were drinking those water.which has safty problems and was harmful to human. That drinking water contains antibiotics, sedatives, sex hormones, anti-inflammatory drugs, antipyretic analgesic drugs and some more components. Carbamazepine is a kind of antiepileptic drugs, which is used in large quantities throughout the world and used in China now. Carbamazepine was selected as the target pollutants in this research.In this paper, carbamazepine’s removal in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process enhanced by adding powder activated carbon (PAC) was investigated in detail. The experimental results of two and half months’continuous operation showed that carbamazepine’s removal efficiency decreased from the initial 50% to zero after one month’s operation under the condition of without PAC dosing. And the removal efficiency of carbmazepine in the enhanced MBR process by adding 500mg PAC into the 10L reaction tank maintained stable about 30% after one month’s operation.In order to explore the removal mechanisms of carbamazepine, some batch experiments were carried out. The results indicated through the calculation of carbamazepine’s mass balance, it is found that the overall removal efficiency of carbamazepine increased 24.44% after PAC dosing. Moreover, the removed amounts of carbamazepine by adsorption and missing (probably biodegradation) also increased greatly after PAC dosing. These results indicate the possibility that PAC cannot only adsorb carbamazepine but also promote the biodegradation of carbamazepine, although this conclusion needs to be testified further by the long-term experiment. Furthermore, the sludge-water partition coefficient (Kp) of carbamazepine before and after PAC dosing are 0.0569L/gMLSS and 0.597L/gMLSS, respectively, and the total adsorbed carbamazepine’s amounts increased approximately 33 times compared with after and before PAC dosing. The batch test results of PAC adsorption isotherm showed that both of Frendlich and Langmuir models were found to fit sufficiently well with the obtained experiment data, and their respective correlation coefficients were found to be higher than 0.98. Moreover, the isotherm constants of Frendlich isotherm and Langmuir isotherm are achieved: Kf=194.4[(mg/g)(L/mg)1/n], 1/n=0.31, a=188.68mg/g, b=13.25L/mg. The two achieved isotherms can be utilized to calculate approximately the amount of carbamazepine adsorbed on PAC in theory and estimate the working period of PAC.更多还原