【作者】 金鑫；

【导师】 董惠娟；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 套损问题是一个长期困扰世界石油行业的难题,由于地层的滑移、延展、抬升和沉降等原因造成套管损坏的油井数目逐年增加,当地下几百米甚至上千米的套管发生套损以后油井很难再进行修复,给整个石油行业带来了巨大的经济损失。因此如何能够及时掌握油井中套管的应力应变状态,在套管即将发生套损时采取措施避免套损的发生,成为一个急待解决的问题。本文根据油井中的特殊环境和大庆油田套损的特点提出了用光纤传感器监测油井中套管应变从而达到预测套损的方法,主要研究工作与成果如下:首先,分析了光纤光栅传感器和光纤布里渊传感器在进行油井套管应变监测时的工作过程。其次,建立了套管剪切套损、挤压套损以及缩径套损的力学模型,通过所建立的三种力学模型,建立了用套管的轴向和周向应变评估套管安全状态的方法。最后,根据大庆油田非油层段存在套损频发区域的特点设计了在整个油井的套管串上布设光纤布里渊传感器监测轴向应变的同时,又在非油层段重点套损区和油层段布设光纤光栅传感器监测周向应变的光纤传感网络搭建方案。基于光纤传感器的套损监测系统能够及时准确地反映出所监测套管的应力应变状态,对准确预测套损,降低油田由于套损而造成的经济损失,具有重大的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Casing damage is a long-standing problem of the world oil industry, due to slip, extension, uplift and subsidence of stratums the number of casing-damage oil wells increases every year, when the casings which are hundreds or even more than one thousand meters under the ground were broken it is very difficult to repair the oil wells. Casing damage problem has brought enormous economic losses to the world oil industry. So how can we know the stress and strain state of casings under the ground in time and take measures to avoid the occurrence of casing damage becomes a pressing issue.According the special environment of oil wells and the characteristics of casing damage in Daqing Oilfield ,this article brings a measure of using fiber optic sensors monitoring the strain state of casings achieve the forecast of casing damage, the main research work and results are as follows:Firstly, analysed the working process when the FBG sensors and fiber Brillouin sensors are monitoring the strain of casingsSecondly, established mechanical models of shearing casing damage、squeeze casing damage and necking casing damage, the strain and stress state of casing can be known by the axial and tangential strain through a series of formulas in the mechanical models.Finally, According to the difference of casing damage between oil producing stratums and normal stratums of Daqing oil fields, put forward a program of structuring a fiber sensor net. The content of the program is using FBG sensors to monitor the axial and tangential strain of casings in casing damage frequent stratums while using the fiber Brillouin sensors to monitor the axial strain of the whole casing string in the oil well.Fiber optical casing damage monitoring system can reflect the strain and stress state of casings so this system makes great sense of forecasting casing damage and lowering oilfield casing damage caused economic losses.更多还原