【作者】 程珊；

【导师】 崔正刚；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 应用化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究了一种驱油用两性表面活性剂-双长链烷基甲基甜菜碱的合成、表征、基本界面化学性能及其在配制无碱驱油剂方面的应用。结果表明,在NaOH存在下,用双C₁₀烷基甲基叔胺和双C12烷基甲基叔胺分别与氯乙酸反应,可以合成相应的双长链烷基甲基甜菜碱。反应为非均相反应,影响反应的主要因素是原料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间。通过正交试验获得了最佳反应条件,在最佳反应条件下,转化率可达80%以上。对合成产品进行了提纯并运用元素分析、红外光谱、质谱等进行了表征,证明合成产品即为目标产物。界面化学性能测定表明,双长链烷基甲基甜菜碱具有很高的表面活性。25℃时cmc为10^-6 mol/L数量级,比普通单长链烷基表面活性剂低2个数量级以上,γcmc小于30 mN/m。它们在气/液界面上具有很高的饱和吸附量,饱和吸附时的分子截面积仅为0.35⁰.36 nm²,小于SDS分子的0.5nm²,相应地每个长链烷基在气/液界面的截面积仅为0.17⁰.18 nm²。双长链烷基甲基甜菜碱具有很强的耐盐能力。类似于非离子表面活性剂,加入NaCl仅使其cmc有微小下降。双C₁₂烷基甲基甜菜碱能够溶于1600 mg/L的CaCl₂水溶液中而不沉淀。用双C₁₂烷基甲基甜菜碱为主表面活性剂配制驱油剂,在表面活性剂总质量分数0.01-0.3%的浓度范围内,无需加碱和加盐,能使大庆原油/地层水的界面张力降至10^-3mN/m数量级。配制的驱油剂具有优良的抗吸附能力,驱油试验能在水驱基础上提高采收率18%。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis aimed to study the synthesis, characterization, basic interfacial properties and application in enhanced oil recovery of novel zwitterionic surfactant, di-decylmethyl betaine and di-dodecylmethyl betaine. It is showed that the target chemicals can be synthesized by reacting di-alkylmethyl amine with chloroacetic acid in the presence of NaOH. The reaction is a two phase reaction, which significantly affected by molar ratio of reactants, temperature and reaction time. An optimal reaction condition was obtained by orthogonal experiments, at which a conversion of tertiary amine higher than 80% can be achieved. The molecular structure of the synthesized product was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and Mass spectra, and was confirmed to be in good agreement with that of the target chemicals.The purified products display very high surface activities. At 25°C, both surfactants show a critical micelle concentration as low as 10^-6 mol/L magnitude and aγcmc lower than 30mN/m. The saturated adsorption of the surfactants at air/water interface is so high that the cross section area of each molecule in the monolayer is 0.35⁰.36 nm², corresponding to a hydrocarbon chain cross section area of 0.17⁰.18 nm², which is much lower than that of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.5nm². The di-alkylmethyl betaines have a good tolerance to electrolytes. In 0.1mol/L NaCl aqueous solution, the cmc of the di-dodecylmethyl betaine decreases a little, and in CaCl₂ aqueous solutions at concentration up to 1600 mg/L, di-dodecylmethyl betaine can be well dissolved without visible precipitation. As a key surfactant, di-dodecylmethyl betaine has been successfully formulated to an oil displacements agent used for surfactant-polymer flooding. Without adding any alkaline chemicals or salts, the Daqing crude oil/water interfacial tension can reduce to lower than 1×10^-2 mN/m in a total surfactant concentration range of 0.01⁰.3%wt.% at 45°C, and a high tertiary oil recovery, 18%, was achieved.更多还原