【作者】 张清爽；

【导师】 刘汝涛； 尹丽霞；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 肺部疾病的范围很广,包括慢性呼吸道疾病以及肺本身的疾病肺炎;传染性肺部疾病包括慢性的肺结核和急性的SARS。被漠视的肺部疾病已成为导致人类死亡最主要的疾病之一。在中国城市中,呼吸系统疾病已经成为继恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病后的第四大致死原因,占13%;在农村,慢阻肺则是首位致死因素,占60%。大气污染是引起肺部疾病的重要原因之一。随着肺部疾病发病率的增长,大气污染与肺部疾病之间相关性的研究越来越引起人们的重视。近年来,国内外不同地区的专业人士,从不同角度,对肺部疾病与大气污染的相关性作了大量的研究,为肺部疾病的诊断、预防和治疗等进行了许多有益的探索。本文在前人研究的基础上,首先探索了德州城区大气污染特点及其发展变化趋势:从年、季、日,全面总结分析了德州市城区大气污染物的变化规律,并剖析阐述了城区大气污染物的各种影响因素。其次,探索了德州城区肺部疾病特点及其发展变化趋势:通过统计分析,总结出德州市城区特征肺部疾病,并按年、季、日对城区特征肺部疾病的发展变化进行了详细分析。并结合城区大气污染特点及其发展变化趋势,分析了德州城区肺部疾病与大气污染的相关性。在验证前人研究结果的的基础上,本文分析、明确了德州城区特征肺部疾病的特征大气污染因子,通过分析特征大气污染因子的污染特征和污染来源,明确德州城区特征肺部疾病的大气污染源头因素。从而为德州城区特征肺部疾病控制措施的制定提供切实可靠的依据。研究结果表明:德州城区特征肺部疾病为慢阻肺、哮喘、肺结核。慢阻肺特征大气污染因子依次是PM₁₀、NO₂;哮喘的特征大气污染因子依次是NO₂、PM₁₀;肺结核特征大气污染因子是PM₁₀。从而可确定:从大气污染的角度来讲,慢阻肺主要是由道路扬尘、建筑扬尘、煤烟尘、土壤风沙尘、机动车尾气尘等尘污染源引起的,其次是机动车外排尾气;哮喘主要是由机动车外排尾气引起的,其次是尘污染源;肺结核主要是由尘污染源引起的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pulmonary disease encompasses a wide range, including chronic respiratory diseases and pneumonia; chronic infectious disease including tuberculosis and severe acute respirarory syndrome （SARS）. These neglected diseases have become the most important diseases to result in death. In the cities of China, respiratory diseases have become the fourth-largest cause to death after malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, accounting for 13%; in rural areas, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the primary lethal factor, accounting for 60%.Atmospheric pollution is one of the important reasons to pulmonary diseases. With the increase of incidence of pulmonary diseases, research about the relationship of air pollution and pulmonary diseases has attracted more and more attention. In recent years, domestic and foreign professionals have done a lot about the correlation of air pollution and pulmonary diseases from different aspects. At the same time, lots of significant exploration about lung disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment has been done.In this paper, based on previous studies, the characteristics of atmospheric pollution in Dezhou and the trend are studied, including analyzing the changes of atmospheric pollutants of Dezhou in different years, seasons and days, and discussing various influencing factors of the atmosphere pollutants in the city. Then, the auther explores the characteristics of lung disease in Dezhou City and its trends—summarizing characteristic lung disease in Dezhou City by statistical analysis and analyzing the changes of characteristic lung disease in urban areas of Dezhou in years, seasons and days. Combined with the characteristics of urban atmospheric pollution and its development trends, we analysis of the correlation of lung disease and atmospheric pollution in urban area of Dezhou, Finally, on the basis of the analysis in this paper, the author identified the characteristic air pollution factors which caused the characteristic lung disease in Dezhou. By analyzing the characteristic factors and diseases, this paper makeas clear the atmosphere sources of characteristic lung disease in Dezhou City, and provides effective and reliable information to develop control measures of the regional pulmonary disease in Dezhou City.The results show that: the characteristic pulmonary disease of Dezhou City include the COPD lung disease, asthma and tuberculosis. The characteristic air pollution factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are PM₁₀, NO₂; the characteristic air pollution factors of asthma are NO₂, PM₁₀; tuberculosis’ characteristic air pollution factor is PM₁₀. So,from the respect of air pollution, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly caused by road dust, construction dust, coal dust and soil wind dust; vehicle exhaust dust pollution caused by dust sources, etc., followed by motor vehicle exhaust efflux; asthma mainly from motor vehicle exhaust gas caused by efflux, followed by dust pollution; TB is mainly caused by dust pollution.更多还原