【作者】 郭新志；

【导师】 房学嘉；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 专门史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 当今台湾社会流行的民俗信仰大多传自粤、闽两省,三山国王是其中流传广泛、特点鲜明,具有较强影响力的一个。据台湾省民政厅1987年统计,21个县市中的18个县市,共有三山国王庙145座立案在册。民间一说有260多座,加上未办立案注册的为数更多了。三山国王信仰成为岛内与湄洲妈祖齐名的两大民间信仰之一。一般认为三山国王信仰源于揭阳县霖田都河婆(今揭西县河婆镇)。至宋,刘希孟的点睛之笔使得这一信仰有士大夫认可的“正统性”,因而在大毁淫祠之际,未受到冲击。无论是官方文献还是民间传说,该信仰的背后隐含儒家“忠、义”之思想。这种思想与明清之际为了巩固皇权而进行社区教化的乡约、社学之思想相一致,因而这一信仰与乡约和社学两大体系融为一体,并在社区扎根,其庙宇遍布粤东各地。清初的粤东一直处于不清不明的状态,粤东的揭阳等地一度成为南明政权与清廷的主要做战场。由双方战争而引起的烧杀抢掠人口事件时有发生,造成大批揭阳等先民被迫移台。同时,清初以来实施的一系列人口政策,导致了中国历史上人口急剧增加,由于粤东山区的耕地面积不多,这样就使得人地矛盾日益突出,使得粤民被迫外迁。另外,还有一些为了规避清政府的惩罚而迁台“避难”、“避福”。总之,为了谋求生存,先民们不得不踏上迁移他乡的征途。而具有一定吸引力的台湾就成为粤东先民迁移目的地之一。然而,迁移的征途并非一帆风顺,征途上可谓困难重重。在这辛酸的历程中,先民不由自觉地从心底想起朝夕相处的乡土神“三山国王”。为了御灾避祸,于是粤东先民也就携带三山国王香火渡台。该信仰也就随着粤东移民播迁到台湾。另外,由于台湾移民社会的不稳定性,粤、闽分类械斗的频繁发生。使得粤东两大族群在台人数发生变化,操潮语人日渐减少,于是三山国王信仰群体发生了变迁。可以说在粤民移入台湾的同时,除了形体的简单移动之外,同时创造了信仰文化的迁台,而三山国王神明就是最好的“见证人”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today ,the popular folk beliefs of Taiwan society are mostly from Fujian and Guangdong provinces,the god of Three—Mountain Kingdom is one of many gods in Taiwan,It spread widely,and has a strong influence、distinctive features. According to the statistics of Home Office Taiwan Province in 1987, (a file in the list)the number of three Mountain Kings’ Temples 145 in 18 cities and counties of 21 cities and counties. But,some people said the number was over 260, If we add the temples which do not have file registration ,the number would be more.Generally speaking,the belief about the three Mountain Kings originate Hepo Lintian, Jieyang County (HePo town,Jiexi County today)It should be local indigenous people’s belief. Subsequently, the immigrants enter the regions and the belief was accepted by the emmigrants. As Liu Ximeng’s splendid article, the belief have "legitimacy" which scholar-bureaucrat recognized.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,emperors in order to consolidate imperial power and they implemented "Xiangyue"and community schools to educate the community, making this belief and the two systems of "Xiangyue"and community schools integration .The belief rooted in the community.In the subsequent wave of immigrants in the eastern Guangdong, the three mountain Kings were brought into Taiwan with the eastern Guangdong emmigrants , took root and multiplied. As the early immigrant society of Taiwan was instable, Fujian and Guangdong Clashes occurred frequently. When clashes about Fujian and Guangdong occurred,the Hakka people always tooke side of government,these made the Hakkas in Taiwan gain political status,but opposite to people who spoke Teochew .So one of the two major ethnic who spoke Teochew dispeared from the historical stage,The belief of the Three Mountain Kings became signs of Hakka of East Guangdongin Taiwan.更多还原