【作者】 刘威；

【导师】 栾非时；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以甜瓜全雌系材料WI998为母本,以雄全同株材料Topmark为父本。依据亲本及F₁、F₂、C₁P₁、BC₁P₂世代植株开花类型分离情况,对甜瓜性别表达进行研究。同时利用SSR分子标记技术,F₂代298个单株为作图群体,构建甜瓜遗传图谱,并对与性别表达相关的雄全同株基因a及全雌系因gy进行定位。结果如下:对父母本及F₁、F₂、BC₁P₁、BC₁P₂六世代的开花类型分离情况进行统计分析后认为:甜瓜性别表受雄全同株基因a（andromonoecious）、雌全同株基因g（gynomonoecious）及全雌株基因gygynoecious)三个基因控制,不同基因型对应的表现型为:A_G雌雄异花同株、A_gg雌全同株、aaG_全同株、aagg两性花株、A_gggygy全雌株。以298个单株的F₂代群体为模板,利用在双亲间有多态性的55对SSR引物对其DNA进行PCR增,构建了一个甜瓜遗传图谱。图谱含有11个连锁群,包含31个SSR标记和2个形态学标记（雄同株和全雌株）,遗传图谱覆盖666.7cM。最长的连锁群为132.7cM（LG3）,最短的连锁群为34.9cMLG8)。每个连锁群有2-5个标记,标记间最大间距39.5cM,最小间距14.4cM,标记间的平均距离17.09 cM。过对F₂代分离群体不同类型植株的基因型和分离比率的分析,表明雌雄异花同株和雄全同株类型共4个单株组成的小群体可以用来定位a基因。通过Mapmaker/EXP3.0软件分析,找到一个与a基因传距离为13.5cM的SSR分子标记MU5549-1。过对F₂代分离群体不同类型植株的基因型和分离比率的分析,表明雌性株群体（以雌全同株为主,包括少量三性株和全雌株）69个单株可以用来定位gy基因。通过分析,找到一个与gy基因遗传距为11.6cM的SSR分子标记MU14723-2。更多还原

【Abstract】 WI998（gynoecious） and Topmark（andromonecy） were used as the hybridized combination in this periment.Study on melon sex expression was carried out through the segregation of plant types during ery generation of F₁、F₂、BC₁P₁、BC₁P₂.At the same time,according to molecular marker of Simple （?）quence Repeats（SSR）,melon genetic map was constructed using a population of 298 plants in F₂, dromonecy gene a and entire female gene gy which relate to sex expression were initially located as well. （?）e results are as follows.After studying and statistical analysis to the segregation of plant types from the parents and filial neration:F₁、F₂、BC₁P₁、BC₁P₂,melon sex expression was determined by andromonoecious gene（a）, nomonoecious gene（g） and gynoecious gene（gy）.Therefore,different plant is corresponding to different notype:A_G indicates synoecy,A_gg indicates gynomonecism,aaG is andromonoecy,aagg is bisexual （?）wer,and A_gggygy is entire female plant.298 single plants in F₂ which is the generation of WI998（entire female plant） and Topmark （?）dromonecy) were used as the template to PCR（polymerase chain reaction） by 55 pairs of SSR（Simple quence Repeats） primers for parents’ polymorphism.Then melon genetic map which has 11 linkage groups d covers 666.7cM was initially constructed.31 SSR molecular markers and 2 morphological markers were ntained in this map as well.The longest linkage group is 132.7cM（LG3）,the shortest is 34.9cM（LG8）.2-5 trkers were found in every linkage group,the max distance between markers is 39.5cM,the min is 14.4cM d the average is 17.09 cM.Statistical analysis to different genotypes of plants and the segregation ratio in F2 indicates gene a can located using a small population which contains 224 single plants from synoecy and andromonecy.So,one R molecular marker（MU5549-1） which is 13.5cM part from gene a was finally found.Gene gy was also located using 69single plants from female group which contain gynomonoecy mainly, me three properties and female plants.So,the other SSR molecular marker（MU14723-2） which is 11.6cM （?）t from gene gy was finally found.更多还原