【作者】 张兴波；

【导师】 谭继文；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 钢丝绳广泛应用于矿山、冶金、交通运输、港口、旅游等国民经济各主要行业,发挥着极为关键的作用。钢丝绳复杂的绳股结构和恶劣的工作环境使其在使用中易于出现磨损、锈蚀、疲劳、断丝等损伤,导致其强度下降,造成安全隐患。运行中的钢丝绳一旦断裂,会造成非常严重的人员伤亡和经济损失。因此,钢丝绳损伤检测已被世界各国高度重视,成为世界性的,既有理论意义又有实用价值的重要研究课题。断丝是钢丝绳损伤的主要形式之一。本文在全面分析和论述国内外钢丝绳检测技术研究现状的基础上,基于漏磁检测原理,对钢丝绳断丝损伤信号的产生和分布特征、损伤检测器设计、损伤信号处理等进行了深入的研究,并在此基础上开发了钢丝绳断丝损伤检测虚拟仪器系统。钢丝绳的磁化是损伤信号产生的基础和前提。本文首先对永磁式周向均匀励磁的励磁器设计方法进行研究,制作了实用的励磁器。利用霍尔元件来检测钢丝绳的表面磁场,分析了钢丝绳断丝损伤信号的特征及霍尔元件的特性,研制了钢丝绳断丝损伤检测系统与信号预处理系统。对钢丝绳断丝损伤信号的数据采集系统进行了详细的研究,开发了以AT89C52单片机为核心的数据采集系统,实现对钢丝绳进行在线检测。其次,充分利用小波理论在信号处理方面的优势,利用钢丝绳断丝信号具有奇异性的特点进行小波奇异性检测研究,并利用小波的多分辨分析特点对钢丝绳断丝信号进行特征提取。本文提出了基于RBF神经网络的钢丝绳断丝损伤信号的模式识别方法。运用MATLAB工具箱建立了钢丝绳断丝损伤定量识别的RBF网络模型,通过模拟和实际检测,验证了网络的可靠性和实用性。最后,利用可视化软件LabVIEW开发了钢丝绳断丝损伤检测虚拟仪器系统,为钢丝绳的断丝损伤检测提供了一个友好的人机交互界面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Steel ropes is widely used in many industries such as mining, metallurgy, transport, port and tourism. The complex structure and the bad environment make it easily abraded, corroded, fatigue and wire broken. Once the Steel ropes broken in running, it will cause tremendous casualty and economy loss. Therefore, steel wire’s damage detection has been attached great importance to the countries in the world, to become a world-wide phenomenon, both theoretical as well as practical value of the important research topic.Broken wire is one of the main form of Steel rope’s damage. On the base of analyzing and discussing the domestic and foreign research about steel rope detection,based on the principle of electromagnetic detection, this paper takes a full study of the design of detection device and the processing of steel rope fault signal. Finally, a virtual instrument for steel rope fault detection is developed.The magnetization of ropes is the basis and premise of creating defect signal.Firstly, this paper analyzes the magnetizer’s structure characteristic of the steel rope detection equipment based on electromagnetism method. The calculation and experiment indicate that using permanent magnet can meet the need of detection with less weight and volume. It measures the surface magnetic field of the steel rope by the Hall’s sensor and analyzes the characteristic of the fault signal. The characteristic of Hall sensor is also analyzed. Both a detection system of steel rope fault diagnosis and a signal processing system are developed. This paper makes a detailed research on the fault signal processing system, where the single-chip—AT89C52 is the key part and which can achieve on-line detection of steel rope.Secondly, the wavelet singular detection has been researched through wire ropes signal’s singular feature and feature extraction was done from broken wires signal based on the specialty of multi-resolution analysis of wavelet.And a pattern recognition method, which is based on RBF network, of steel rope fault signal is put forward. A RBF network model for quantitative identification of steel rope fault signal is set up by using the toolbox of MATLAB. According to simulative and real detection, the writer validates its reliability and practicality.Finally, a virtual instrument for steel rope fault detection is developed by using LabVIEW, which provides a friendly interface for human-computer interaction.更多还原