【作者】 沈小燕；

【导师】 解成喜；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 应用化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 天山堇菜在维药医药中具有悠久的历史,可治疗感冒发烧,清热解毒等常见疾病,主要分布在新疆的各个山区。本文对天山堇菜中有效成分进行了分析,并研究了天山堇菜提取物对油脂的抗氧化作用以及对一些真菌和细菌的抑制作用,从而为天山堇菜作为抗氧化剂和在食品以及其他方面的应用的可行性提供了实验数据。论文第一章对天山堇菜的种类、形态、分布、价值和研究情况,以及天然药物中的活性成分和抗氧化与抗菌的研究作了综述。第二章用挥发油提取器提取了天山堇菜中的挥发油,其含量为0.067%。并用GC/MS对其成分作了分离鉴定。分离出60种成分,并确认其中的47个成分。采用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对含量,其中主要成分为脂肪烃和含氧有机化合物(醇、酮、醛和酯)。第三章比较了加热回流法与超声波法,选择合适的提取溶剂浓度和提取时间以及显色剂的用量,使用λ-17紫外可见光谱仪测定了天山堇菜中总黄酮和生物碱的含量。第四章采用湿法硝酸-双氧水进行消解,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定天山堇菜试样中多种微量元素B,Cu,K,Mg,Mn,Se,Zn,Cr,Fe,V。该方法的加标回收率为95.4%～104.9%,六次测定的RSD(n=6)小于2.7%,方法操作方便分析速度快,具有良好的准确度和精密度。证明天山堇菜中含有多种微量元素。第五章用不同的溶剂从天山堇菜中提取抗氧化物质,使用烘箱加温法和Na2S2O3-I2滴定法测定它们对猪油的抗氧化作用,85%乙醇提取物抗氧化效果显著。提取物用量与抗氧化性呈正相关。同时与VE和Vc进行比较,当85%乙醇提取物浓度达到0.5%g/ml时已超过0.02%g/ml Vc的抗氧化效果,而0.02%g/mlVE的抗氧化活性很小。第六章用85%乙醇回流浸煮提取天山堇菜生物碱和用超声法提取黄酮化合物对所选的4种细菌和5种真菌进行抑菌研究。结果表明提取物对所选细菌有不同程度的抑制作用,两种提取物对肺炎克雷伯菌的最小抑菌浓度是0.175g/ml;对臭鼻克雷伯菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是0.15 g/ml和0.175 g/ml;对类产碱假单胞菌和奇异变型杆菌的最小抑菌浓度是0.20 g/ml,而对所选真菌抑制效果却不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Viola tianshanica Maxim.as a Uighur folk medicinal herb,is known and used by Uighur people since antiquity.It is of extensive pharmacological effects and is used for treating these diseases as cat fever, clearing away heat and toxic material,etc. There is a large amount of distribution on most of mountain areas of Xinjiang. This text has carried on comparatively detailed research to the effective components in Xinjiang. Antioxidative effects and antimicrobial of extracts of Viola tianshanica Maxim. were studied that can supply experimental data in food and other area.In chapter one, kind,shape,distributed,value and studying the situation of Viola tianshanica Maxim.,active constituent in natural medicine.Antioxidative effects and antimicrobial were made survey and introduction.In chapter two, volatile oil was extracted from Viola tianshanica Maxim.by steam distillation. The content of the volatile oil was 0.067%.Compositions of volatile oil of Viola tianshanica Maxim. were analyzed and examined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC/MS).60 constituents were separated and 47 compounds were identified. The relative content of the components were determined with peak area normalization method。the major constituents of the volatile oil are aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketone, aldehyde, and esters.In chapter three ,the total flavonoids and alkaloids in Viola tianshanica Maxim. are determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with standard .Through studying two technological process: ultrasonic wave extraction and circumfluenc,a better technological condition to extracting total flavonids and alkaloids from Viola tianshanica Maxim. is obtained.In chapter four, determination of metal elements in Viola tianshanica Maxim. is studied by ICP-AES after HNO3-H2O2 digestion. The average recovery of the method for trace elements such asB,Cu,K,Mg,Mn,Se,Zn,Cr,Fe,V in Viola tianshanica Maxim. is found to be 95.4% -104.9% for the metal elements and the RSD’ s are less than 2.7%.The method is simple, fast, sensitive and accurate. The results obtained are satisfactory. It is of important significance to assess the value of the Chinese medicinal herb by the determination of trace elements in Chinese medicinal herb with ICP-AES.In chapter five, antioxidative effects of extracts of Viola tianshanica Maxim. were measured by Schall and Na2S2O3-I2 titrimetric method. Extracts obtained from the Viola tianshanica Maxim. by using different solvents were added to lard to study the effects of oxidation resistance. The extracts got by 85% ethanol had distinct antioxidative effects. The usage of extracts is in directly proportion to the antioxidative effect. When the addition amount of the extract was reached to 0.5%g/ml, the effect of oxidation resistance was better than 0.02%g/ml Vc,but the effects are not distinct. but VE(0.02%g/ml) have no antioxidant activity.In chapter six, the alkaloids and flavonoids of extracts from Viola tianshanica Maxim. with 85% ethanol were used as antimicrobial agents. Four species of bacteria and five species of fungu were taken as test-bacteria and had the best antibacterial effect on the tested bacteria. The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC) of antibacterial of extractions are respectively as follows: Klebsiella pneumonia 0.175g/ml ,Klebsiella ozaenae 0.15 g/ml and 0.175 g/ml, Pseudomona pseudoalcaligenes and Proteus mirabilis 0.20 g/ml .But effect was not obvious on fungus.更多还原