【作者】 张崇威；

【导师】 周明耀；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 农田排水沟道作为农业面源污染源与河流、湖泊等受纳水体的过渡带,对整个农田生态系统以及周边水生态系统具有着显著的影响。针对农田排水沟道的现状,本文致力于开发一种新型沟道护砌材料—透水型秸秆混凝土,通过该种护砌材料与排水垫层材料的有机组合,共同构建完整的农田排水沟道渗滤系统,通过该渗滤系统的物理吸附、植物吸收、微生物降解等作用,达到降低农业面源污染、改善农业生态环境的目的。本文研究成果如下:(1)提出了农田排水沟道渗滤系统的定义,阐述了农田排水沟道渗滤系统的内涵,分析了该系统的组成、特征和功能。(2)通过对比试验研究,分析了透水型秸秆混凝土各物理性能指标的关系,明确了透水型秸秆混凝土的主要影响因素以及各因素取值范围,在此基础上,进一步通过正交试验得到了透水型秸秆混凝土的较优配合比。(3)论述了垫层材料的排水功能及其种类,通过对比试验,综合其透水性能、排水效果、耐久性以及经济性等方面,确定最优的透水、排水材料组合,通过与普通混凝土单方材料的成本比较,得出其具有非常明显的经济效应。(4)通过透水型秸秆混凝土浸泡试验,分析该种材料表面碱物质的流失情况;通过微生物吸附试验,分析该种材料对微生物的群落生长环境的影响;通过农田沟道渗滤系统的氮磷拦截的模拟试验,分析由该种材料构成的农田沟道渗滤系统对农业生态环境的影响作用。本文对农田沟道渗滤系统的研究,丰富了农田水土环境与生态系统研究的内容,为控制与去除农田径流污染提供了新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the transitional zone of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Source and the receiving water such as river and lake, farmland drainage ditch has remarkable effect on the whole farmland ecosystem and circumjacent water ecosystem.According to the present situation of farmland drainage ditch, job of this thesis is devoted to the development and manufacture of new ditch embankment material which is a kind of Pervious-Straw Concrete. The organic combination of this embankment material and drainage blanket material can construct a complete Filtration System of Farmland drainage ditch, which can reduce the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution and improve agricultural environment through physical absorption, plant absorption and microbiological degradation, etc.This paper research results as follows:(1) Puts forward a definition of Filtration System of Farmland Drainage Ditch, describes its connotation, also systemic analyzes the composition, characteristics and functions of this system.(2) Analyzing the relations of each physical properties indexes of Pervious-Straw Concrete by experimental study, finding main influence factors, and the value range of them, then arranging mix proportion to conduct the orthogonal test, so as to find a superior plan through analyzing the test results.(3) Discusses the functions and kinds of drainage blanket material, and analyzes from several aspects such as permeability performance, drainage effect, durability and economic practicality of farmland drainage channel materials by contrast test, then finally confirms the best com??tion of permeable and drainage materials.(4) Analyzing the alkali loss in this kind of permeable embankment materials surface by immersion test of Pervious-Straw Concrete. And analyzing the effects of this kind of embankment materials on the growth environment of microorganism community by microorganism adsorption test of Pervious-Straw Concrete. Then by simulation test of nitrogen and phosphorus interception, analyzing the influential action on agricultural ecological environment by the Filtration System of Farmland Drainage Ditch, which is made up of this permeable embankment materials. Study on the filtration system of farmland drainage ditch of this paper, enriches the research contents of farmland soil and water environment and ecosystem, and provides a new ideal for controlling and removing agricultural non-point source pollution.更多还原