【作者】 江栗；

【导师】 季浏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 《全民健身计划纲要》自1995年颁布实施以来就在全国范围内掀起了一阵健身热潮,这阵热潮使得人们更加认识到身体健康的重要作用和价值。大学生作为全民健身人群的一份子,作为掌握科学技术的高素质人才,其身体、心理的健康水平以及对体育锻炼所持有的态度对整个国家的稳定和发展、举国健身运动的推广和延续有着很重要的影响,而且大学阶段是形成纵深体育观念和终身体育锻炼行为的重要时期,因此高校应做好引导和监督大学生积极参加课外体育锻炼的相关工作。2002年教育部印发的《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导刚要》中指出:“要把有目的、有计划、有组织的课外体育锻炼、校外活动、运动训练纳入体育课程,形成课内外、校内外有机联系的课程结构。”“指导和督促大学生经常参加体育锻炼,养成自觉锻炼的习惯,基本形成终身体育的意识,使大学体育与终身体育对接。”由此可见,国家越来越重视大学生的身心健康状况,对大学生课外体育锻炼已给予了很大的关注和支持。从收集和整理的资料来看,大多数研究只是围绕大学生课外体育锻炼的现状及其影响因素来进行阐述和分析的,很少有学者对大学生课外体育锻炼的效果进行相关的评价和实证研究。鉴于此,本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法、个案研究法以及数理统计法等研究方法,采用先分层后随机抽样的方法选取了上海市部分高校的大学生进行问卷调查以了解大学生课外体育锻炼效果评价的现状。另外,为了进一步证明课外体育锻炼需要效果评价,本文选取了华东师范大学乒乓球班的64名本科二年级学生作为实验对象以验证本实验的效果。总而言之,本文从学生的需要以及科学锻炼的角度出发,对大学生课外体育锻炼目标制定地是否合理,锻炼强度以及运动量是否适宜,锻炼行为和方法是否恰当,锻炼效果是否良好进行深度研究,并构建满足大学生课外体育锻炼所需要的简便易操作的课外体育锻炼效果评价模式以及评价指标体系,其研究成果将完善和发展评价理论,进而为提高大学生课外体育锻炼的科学性和有效性提供理论支撑和实践帮助。本文通过研究,得出以下结论和建议:1、高校应关注大学生的课外体育锻炼活动,提高大学生课外体育锻炼的积极性和热情,端正大学生课外体育锻炼的动机和态度,并建议大学生在进行课外体育锻炼时,应根据自身情况制定相应的锻炼目标和计划,进而提高自身锻炼的科学性和有效性,最终为其养成终身体育锻炼意识和行为奠定良好的基础。2、高校应向学生广泛开放各种体育场馆和设施,为学生课外体育锻炼提供服务和方便,并设立课外体育锻炼辅导监督站,帮助学生解决课外锻炼中遇到的难题和困惑,进而为提高大学生课外体育锻炼的质量和效果提供有力保障。3、高校大学生应及时对自身锻炼效果进行评价以判定锻炼方法和方式的科学性和有效性,进而促进和提高自身的锻炼效果以及身心健康发展水平。4、构建便于学生和教师使用的体育锻炼效果评价指标体系和评价模式,通过评价模式来体现多种评价内容和评价方法,以供学生和教师根据自己的实际情况来选择和运用。这样不仅可以给体育教师减轻很多负担,还可以帮助学生改进自身的锻炼方式和不当行为,进而增强和提高大学生的锻炼效果和评价能力。5、体育教师应将体育锻炼需要效果评价的观念渗透到体育教学中去,让学生了解到效果评价的概念和作用,以此来关注每一位学生的健康成长。6、体育教师应注重听取学生对自身锻炼效果评价的意见与建议,与学生进行相关的讨论与分析,尽量发挥学生的评价主体作用。7、高校应普及体育锻炼以及评价的相关科学知识,使大学生掌握科学锻炼的方法和手段,以及有关体育锻炼效果评价的手段和工具,进而为提高大学生体育锻炼的科学性和有效性提供帮助和引导,为培养高素质的人才做好服务和监督工作。8、建议高校相关部门能够根据每个学生的个性特点和身心健康状况以及自身锻炼能力水平来帮助或辅助每个学生制定相应个性化的“个人体育锻炼记录袋”。其主要内容包括学生的基本身心状况和能力水平;锻炼目标以及相应的锻炼计划;体育锻炼评价模式和评价指标体系;个人反馈意见。当然,该记录袋处于一个动态发展过程,体育教师与学生应及时更新和完善自己的体育锻炼记录袋。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Outline of the nationwide body-building plan"have raised a fit body-building upsurge right away since it was promulgated and enforced in 1995 within the whole nation range,this upsurge make people more to know the importment effect and value of keeping healthy.The college student as a part of the whole people body-building crowd,as the high-caliber talented person having science and technology in hand,whose body、psychological general level of the health and the attitude to the physical training can cause very important effect to the entire country’stability and development,body-building throughtout the country and lasting to the physical training.And a university stage is important behavior period forming depth sports concept and lifelong physical training,therefore colleges and universities should do a good job in relevant guiding and superintending the college student actively to participate in physical training after school.《The whole nation regular institutions of higher learning sports course teaching》that Ministry of Education prints and distributes in 2002 guides to ask middle to point out just:"want the extracurricular athletics which having purpose、plan and organization into the sports course,forming the curriculum structure of imposing organic connection of inside and outside on class and school.Guide and supervise a college student to participate in physical training,and form the habit of taking exercise conscienrionsly,basically form the mental consciousness of lifelong sports.It can be seen from it that the country more and more takes the the college student’body and mind health situation seriously,and already having given very big attention and supportment to the college student’extracurricular athletics,Judging from the data collecting and arranging,great majority study however having a scholar to carry out pertinent valuation and demonstration go into on college student physical training after school effect around that after school the college student and analyses to come to be on the march expounding the physical training current situation and their influencing factor,very few.Law,the questionnaire inquire into research method such as law,experiment law,case study law and number reason statistics law because this,the main body of a book adopt document data law, the expert interview,set off from the angle that student’s need and science take exercise,the physical training target works out a field to the college student after school being rational or not,take an intensity exercise as well as motion amounts are proper or not,take behavior exercise being proper or not with method,take effect exercise being fine or not carrying out a depth studying,And structure the system satisfying effect needed by college student physical training after school appraising a pattern and appraising an index,the person studies achievement will perfect and develop valuation theory,then,prop up and carry out help for scientificalness and validity improving college student physical training after school provide theory.The main body of a book is passed studying,is reaches the following conclusion and suggestion:1、Colleges and universities should show solicitude for the physical training of college student after school activity 1,improve college student physical training after school enthusiasm and fervency,straighten college student physical training after school motivation and attitude,suggest a college student and when in the physical training carrying out after school,should work out small advantages’s according to oneself condition taking the target and the plan exercise,improve scientificalness and validity that oneself takes exercise then,be that the person forms lifelong physical training consciousness establish the fine basis with behavior ultimately.2、Colleges and universities should open the various stadium mansion and facilities to the student broadly,physical training providing services is after school and convenient for the student,set up and physical training after school tutoring the supervision station,help a student to resolve the difficult problem and puzzle coming across in taking exercise after school,and then provide the forceful guarantee to mass and effect improving college student physical training after school.3、The colleges and universities college student should take effect exercise in time to oneself carrying out valuation to decide scientificalness and validity taking method and way exercise,then,promotes and improves self’s take effect exercise and physically and mentally healthy development level.4、The physical training effect that the easy to build build student and teacher use appraises index system and appraises a pattern,by estimating that the pattern comes to embody various valuation content and to appraise method,to be for the student and the teacher and applying to come to choose the reality according to self.Such can lighten much burden for physical-training teacher not only,can help a student to improve oneself taking way and the improper act exercise,proceed to the next step strengthening and improving a college student’s taking effect exercise and appraising an ability.5、The physical-training teacher should require that the concept that effect appraises seeps through the middle teaching to sports going to with physical training, let a student know to arrive at the concept and effect that effect appraises,come to show solicitude for student per one on this account growing up healthy and sound.6、The physical-training teacher should attach importance to oneself listening to a student taking the idea and suggestion that effect appraises exercise,the student carries out pertinent discussion and analyse and,bring the student’s Valuation main body effect into play to the full.7、Colleges and universities responds to the science knowledge popularizing physical training and the relevance estimating that,makes a college student have method and means that science takes exercise in hand,scientificalness and validity being to improve College student physical training then.are provided helping and leading,is that the high-caliber talented person cultivating does a good job in serve and supervise and in connection with the means and implement that physical training effect appraises.8、The physical training suggesting that the colleges and universities relevance branch is able to come to help or assist every student to work out "the individual who acts in responses individuation according to every student’s individuality characteristic and physically and mentally healthy situation as well as oneself takes ability level exercise records a bag".Whose main content composes in reply ability level including student’s fundamental body and mind situation;Take a target exercise and corresponding taking exercise plans;Physical training appraises a pattern and appraises index system;Individual couples back an idea.Certainly,be a precis writer’s turn to develop process sack in a development,the physical-training teacher and the student should renew and perfect self physical training precis writer bag in time.更多还原