人民监督员制度的法治价值及其实现

【作者】 唐劼；

【导师】 马长山；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 如何促进司法公正、规范公权力的行使并推进法治的进程是重大的法学理论和法治实践命题。我国在学习和借鉴美国大陪审团制度与日本检察审查会制度的基础之上建立了具有中国特色的人民监督员制度。本文在阐释我国人民监督员制度的立法基础、理论根源、法治价值、现实功能、完善机制的基础上,分析了我国公民参与公权力制约、由人民监督司法运行过程的途径、障碍与问题。为此,文章分为四部分展开。其中,第一章为历史经验与外国立法例,第二章为现实诉求与理论基础,第三章为法治价值与现实功能,第四部分为完善制度并推进法治进程。在第一章中,笔者着重介绍和分析了外国先进的立法例,并在此基础上阐释了国外检察监督制度的历史经验与可供借鉴的启示。美国的大陪审团制度是指由大陪审团成员根据检察官所提供的证据评议投票是否认为被指控的犯罪成立、是否赞成起诉的司法制度。它是由作为民意代表的大陪审团制约国家公诉权力的行使,具有独立性和制衡性等特点。日本的检察审查会制度是二战以后为了制约和监督检察官滥用不起诉职权而制定的法律制度。国外的检察监督制度具有独立性、广泛性、流动性和有效性等优点,但是,也存在自身的问题。我们应该辩证地对其进行扬弃。在第二章中,笔者着重阐述在我国人民监督员制度产生的现实诉求和理论基础。人民监督员制度是深化司法改革,促进司法公正,推进法治的重要举措。随着人民监督员制度的试点运行,其制度设计、运行、机制、操作环节等很多方面都处于探索尝试和完善之中。人民监督员制度根源于我国落实“立检为公,执法为民”、促进司法体制改革和实现依法治国的现实需要,并符合权力和权利平衡理论和人民主权理论的要求。在第三章中,笔者意在对人民监督员制度进行多重定位和制度设计,并论证人民监督员制度在我国的法治价值和现实功能。人民监督员制度的价值和意义在于它符合法治的利益价值、民主价值、公平正义价值和正当性价值。因而,在我国具有坚实的物质基础和理论意义。在第四章,笔者主要分析了在我国的法治建设进程中人民监督员制度的运行现状和影响这一制度深入实施的障碍性因素,并对完善人民监督员制度提出建议和方向。主要有两方面的思考:一是对人民监督员制度硬性指标的思考;二是从法治价值要素的角度,即从实现法治权威性、制约性、保障性、分权性、平等性、实效性的角度阐释如何完善人民监督员制度。综上,人民监督员制度具有自身的理论基础和现实根基,是适应我国国情、具有中国特色的司法制度,故而,在我国现阶段应大力发展这一制度以推进我国法治进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to promote judicial justice and regulate the exercise of public power and push forward the process of the rule of law is a significant legal theory and practice of the rule of law proposition. China to learn from the grand jury system in the United States and Japan will review the prosecution on the basis of the establishment of a system with Chinese characteristics of the people of supervisors system. Elaborating on this paper, the people of our country’s legislative system monitors the basis of theoretical source of the value of the rule of law, the real function, improve the mechanism on the basis of an analysis of our citizens to participate in public power, judicial supervision by the people running the way, obstacles and problems. To this end, the article is divided into four parts to start. Of these, the first chapter to the history of legislative experience with foreign patients, the second chapter to the reality and the demands of the theoretical basis for the third chapter of the rule of law and the actual value of the function of the fourth into the system and improve the process of promoting the rule of law.In the first chapter, the author focuses on and analyzes the cases of foreign advanced legislation, on the basis of a foreign prosecutor to explain the system can learn from historical experience and enlightenment. The U.S. grand jury system means that members of the grand jury by prosecutors in accordance with the evidence that the council vote whether or not the alleged crime set up, whether or not to prosecute in favor of the judicial system. It is, as a representative from the constraints of national grand jury indictment of the exercise of the powers, the independence of checks and balances and so on. Japan’s prosecutors will review the system since the Second World War in order to control and supervision of the prosecutor not to prosecute abuse of authority and the development of the legal system. The foreign prosecutor with independent monitoring system, extensive, mobility and effectiveness of the advantages, but also their own. We should dialectically be abandoned.In the second chapter, the author focuses on our people in the system monitors the demands of reality and theoretical basis. People’s supervisors is to deepen the reform of the judiciary and promote judicial justice, an important measure to promote the rule of law. With the people’s supervisor system of the pilot run, the system design, operation mechanism, and other aspects of the operation in many areas to explore and try to improve the way. People’s supervisors to implement a system rooted in our country, "Li seized for the public and law enforcement for the people" to promote the reform of the judicial system and rule of law to realize the realities of needs and the rights and the balance of power in line with the theory and the theory of popular sovereignty.In the third chapter, the author meant to the people of supervisors system and multi-location system design and demonstration of the people in our system monitors the value of the rule of law and the reality function. People’s supervisors system of the value and meaning of the rule of law is in line with the interests of its value, the value of democracy, justice and fair value and legitimacy of the value. As a result, in our country has a solid material foundation and theoretical significance.In the fourth chapter, the main author of an analysis of the rule of law in our country in the process of the people running the system monitors the status and influence in-depth implementation of the system of barriers, and improve the people’s supervisor system, make recommendations and directions. There are two ways of thinking: First, people’s supervisors system of mandatory targets of thinking; Second, the rule of law from the perspective of the value of elements from the authority of the rule of law, binding, security, the separation of powers, equality, timeliness How to explain the perspective of improving the people’s supervisor system.Ater all, the people’s supervisor system with its own theoretical basis and practical foundation, is to adapt to the conditions of our country, the judicial system with Chinese characteristics, therefore, should be at this stage in our development of this system in order to push forward the process of the rule of law in China.更多还原