【作者】 刘国红；

【导师】 林乃铨； 刘波；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 植物检疫， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 采用稀释涂布法从我国15个省15份土样标本中分离出322株芽孢杆菌。通过表型特征、脂肪酸成分、ITS测序等手段将322株菌鉴定为3个属,芽孢杆菌属Bacillus 11个种,类芽孢杆菌属Paenibacillus属2个种,短短芽孢杆菌属Brevibacillus属2个种。本文对芽孢杆菌的生物学特性进行了研究,观察了枯草芽孢杆菌、简单芽孢杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌的细胞形态,并对几种常见芽孢杆菌的菌落形态进行了描述,也对枯草芽孢杆菌的生长特性做了相关的研究。根据鉴定结果,统计分析了我国部分省芽孢杆菌的多样性,研究结果表明每个样点分离到芽孢杆菌的数量差异很大,每个采样点的优势种群的种类和数量也有很大差异。15个采样点土样分离到的芽孢杆菌丰富度在2-8之间。其中,青海采样点的芽孢杆菌丰富度最小,只分离到2种;新疆、内蒙古和宁夏芽孢杆菌的丰富度最大,为8。新疆采样点的丰富度和多样性指数最高,其均匀度指数较高,生态优势度指数较低。西藏的芽孢杆菌丰富度较低,多样性指数和均匀度指数最低,生态优势度指数最高。因此物种多样性不仅与物种的丰富度有关,还可能与物种间数量差异程度有一定关系。本文还初步研究了芽孢杆菌对香蕉枯萎病病原菌和青枯雷尔氏菌的拮抗作用,筛选到22株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌有拮抗作用,15株对青枯雷尔氏菌有拮抗作用。从空间分布来看,具有拮抗作用的菌株大部分是从北方各省分离到的。最后,本文讲述了芽孢杆菌属属水平上的分类变化现状,叙述了芽孢杆菌属相关属的分类依据及模式种特征。截止2008年12月份,IJSEM收录的芽孢杆菌属相关属有41个,芽孢杆菌属内已知种有112个。本论文还根据IJSEM上发表的文章对112个芽孢杆菌种的特征进行整理,记录了每个种的特征、16S rRNA序列号和菌株编号。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the 15 soil samples collected from 15 provinces of China, 322 Bacillus strains were isolated by spread plate method. The 322 Bacillus strains were identified through morphological characteristics, physical and biological characteristics, fatty acid and ITS sequence. There were 11 species of Bacillus, 2 species of Panebacillus and 2 species of Brevibacillus had been recognized.The biological characteristcis of Bacillus were studied in the paper. The cell morphologies of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus simplex and Bacillus polymyxa, the colonial morphologies of Bacillus spp., and growth characteristic of Bacillus subtilis were studied. According to the preliminary result, the diversity of Bacillus collected from 15 provinces of China , showed that the quantity, varieties and as well as dominant species of Bacillus were different from each province.The species richness of Bacillus of 15 soil samples collected from 15 provinces of China was analyzed. The results showed that the species richness of Bacillus from Qinghai, with 2 species was the lowest and the species richness of Bacillus from Xinjiang, Iner Mongolia and Ningxia, with 8 species were the highest. The diversity index and evenness index of Bacillus from Xinjiang were higher than those from Tibet, while the ecological dominant index of Bacillus from Xinjiang were lower than that from Tibet. It indicated that the species diversity was not only related to speceis richness, but also to individual quantity difference.The antagonistic action of Bacillus to Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum was preliminarily studied. The result showed that 22 strains had the antagonistic action to Fusarium oxysporum and 15 strains had the antagonistic action Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum, which were mostly isolated from the soil samples collected from the northern provinces of China.Finally, the systematic state of Bacillus, the taxonomic evidence of the related genera of Bacillus and the diagnosis of their type species were reviewed. Up to December 2008, there were 41 valid genera related with Bacillus and 112 species in the genus Bacillus,which were published in IJSEM. According to papers published in IJSEM, the characteristics, the sequence of 16S rRNA and the strain numbers of the 112 species in the genus Bacillus were redescribed and recorded.更多还原